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<?php
/**
 * Multisite WordPress API
 *
 * @package WordPress
 * @subpackage Multisite
 * @since 3.0.0
 */

/**
 * Gets the network's site and user counts.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @return int[] {
 *     Site and user count for the network.
 *
 *     @type int $blogs Number of sites on the network.
 *     @type int $users Number of users on the network.
 * }
 */
function get_sitestats() {
	$stats = array(
		'blogs' => get_blog_count(),
		'users' => get_user_count(),
	);

	return $stats;
}

/**
 * Gets one of a user's active blogs.
 *
 * Returns the user's primary blog, if they have one and
 * it is active. If it's inactive, function returns another
 * active blog of the user. If none are found, the user
 * is added as a Subscriber to the Dashboard Blog and that blog
 * is returned.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param int $user_id The unique ID of the user
 * @return WP_Site|void The blog object
 */
function get_active_blog_for_user( $user_id ) {
	$blogs = get_blogs_of_user( $user_id );
	if ( empty( $blogs ) ) {
		return;
	}

	if ( ! is_multisite() ) {
		return $blogs[ get_current_blog_id() ];
	}

	$primary_blog = get_user_meta( $user_id, 'primary_blog', true );
	$first_blog   = current( $blogs );
	if ( false !== $primary_blog ) {
		if ( ! isset( $blogs[ $primary_blog ] ) ) {
			update_user_meta( $user_id, 'primary_blog', $first_blog->userblog_id );
			$primary = get_site( $first_blog->userblog_id );
		} else {
			$primary = get_site( $primary_blog );
		}
	} else {
		// TODO: Review this call to add_user_to_blog too - to get here the user must have a role on this blog?
		$result = add_user_to_blog( $first_blog->userblog_id, $user_id, 'subscriber' );

		if ( ! is_wp_error( $result ) ) {
			update_user_meta( $user_id, 'primary_blog', $first_blog->userblog_id );
			$primary = $first_blog;
		}
	}

	if ( ( ! is_object( $primary ) )
		|| ( '1' === $primary->archived || '1' === $primary->spam || '1' === $primary->deleted )
	) {
		$blogs = get_blogs_of_user( $user_id, true ); // If a user's primary blog is shut down, check their other blogs.
		$ret   = false;

		if ( is_array( $blogs ) && count( $blogs ) > 0 ) {
			$current_network_id = get_current_network_id();

			foreach ( (array) $blogs as $blog_id => $blog ) {
				if ( $blog->site_id !== $current_network_id ) {
					continue;
				}

				$details = get_site( $blog_id );
				if ( is_object( $details )
					&& '0' === $details->archived && '0' === $details->spam && '0' === $details->deleted
				) {
					$ret = $details;
					if ( (int) get_user_meta( $user_id, 'primary_blog', true ) !== $blog_id ) {
						update_user_meta( $user_id, 'primary_blog', $blog_id );
					}
					if ( ! get_user_meta( $user_id, 'source_domain', true ) ) {
						update_user_meta( $user_id, 'source_domain', $details->domain );
					}
					break;
				}
			}
		} else {
			return;
		}

		return $ret;
	} else {
		return $primary;
	}
}

/**
 * Gets the number of active sites on the installation.
 *
 * The count is cached and updated twice daily. This is not a live count.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 * @since 3.7.0 The `$network_id` parameter has been deprecated.
 * @since 4.8.0 The `$network_id` parameter is now being used.
 *
 * @param int|null $network_id ID of the network. Default is the current network.
 * @return int Number of active sites on the network.
 */
function get_blog_count( $network_id = null ) {
	return get_network_option( $network_id, 'blog_count' );
}

/**
 * Gets a blog post from any site on the network.
 *
 * This function is similar to get_post(), except that it can retrieve a post
 * from any site on the network, not just the current site.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param int $blog_id ID of the blog.
 * @param int $post_id ID of the post being looked for.
 * @return WP_Post|null WP_Post object on success, null on failure
 */
function get_blog_post( $blog_id, $post_id ) {
	switch_to_blog( $blog_id );
	$post = get_post( $post_id );
	restore_current_blog();

	return $post;
}

/**
 * Adds a user to a blog, along with specifying the user's role.
 *
 * Use the {@see 'add_user_to_blog'} action to fire an event when users are added to a blog.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param int    $blog_id ID of the blog the user is being added to.
 * @param int    $user_id ID of the user being added.
 * @param string $role    User role.
 * @return true|WP_Error True on success or a WP_Error object if the user doesn't exist
 *                       or could not be added.
 */
function add_user_to_blog( $blog_id, $user_id, $role ) {
	switch_to_blog( $blog_id );

	$user = get_userdata( $user_id );

	if ( ! $user ) {
		restore_current_blog();
		return new WP_Error( 'user_does_not_exist', __( 'The requested user does not exist.' ) );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters whether a user should be added to a site.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.0
	 *
	 * @param true|WP_Error $retval  True if the user should be added to the site, error
	 *                               object otherwise.
	 * @param int           $user_id User ID.
	 * @param string        $role    User role.
	 * @param int           $blog_id Site ID.
	 */
	$can_add_user = apply_filters( 'can_add_user_to_blog', true, $user_id, $role, $blog_id );

	if ( true !== $can_add_user ) {
		restore_current_blog();

		if ( is_wp_error( $can_add_user ) ) {
			return $can_add_user;
		}

		return new WP_Error( 'user_cannot_be_added', __( 'User cannot be added to this site.' ) );
	}

	if ( ! get_user_meta( $user_id, 'primary_blog', true ) ) {
		update_user_meta( $user_id, 'primary_blog', $blog_id );
		$site = get_site( $blog_id );
		update_user_meta( $user_id, 'source_domain', $site->domain );
	}

	$user->set_role( $role );

	/**
	 * Fires immediately after a user is added to a site.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param int    $user_id User ID.
	 * @param string $role    User role.
	 * @param int    $blog_id Blog ID.
	 */
	do_action( 'add_user_to_blog', $user_id, $role, $blog_id );

	clean_user_cache( $user_id );
	wp_cache_delete( $blog_id . '_user_count', 'blog-details' );

	restore_current_blog();

	return true;
}

/**
 * Removes a user from a blog.
 *
 * Use the {@see 'remove_user_from_blog'} action to fire an event when
 * users are removed from a blog.
 *
 * Accepts an optional `$reassign` parameter, if you want to
 * reassign the user's blog posts to another user upon removal.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int $user_id  ID of the user being removed.
 * @param int $blog_id  Optional. ID of the blog the user is being removed from. Default 0.
 * @param int $reassign Optional. ID of the user to whom to reassign posts. Default 0.
 * @return true|WP_Error True on success or a WP_Error object if the user doesn't exist.
 */
function remove_user_from_blog( $user_id, $blog_id = 0, $reassign = 0 ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$user_id = (int) $user_id;
	$blog_id = (int) $blog_id;

	switch_to_blog( $blog_id );

	/**
	 * Fires before a user is removed from a site.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 * @since 5.4.0 Added the `$reassign` parameter.
	 *
	 * @param int $user_id  ID of the user being removed.
	 * @param int $blog_id  ID of the blog the user is being removed from.
	 * @param int $reassign ID of the user to whom to reassign posts.
	 */
	do_action( 'remove_user_from_blog', $user_id, $blog_id, $reassign );

	/*
	 * If being removed from the primary blog, set a new primary
	 * if the user is assigned to multiple blogs.
	 */
	$primary_blog = (int) get_user_meta( $user_id, 'primary_blog', true );
	if ( $primary_blog === $blog_id ) {
		$new_id     = '';
		$new_domain = '';
		$blogs      = get_blogs_of_user( $user_id );
		foreach ( (array) $blogs as $blog ) {
			if ( $blog->userblog_id === $blog_id ) {
				continue;
			}
			$new_id     = $blog->userblog_id;
			$new_domain = $blog->domain;
			break;
		}

		update_user_meta( $user_id, 'primary_blog', $new_id );
		update_user_meta( $user_id, 'source_domain', $new_domain );
	}

	$user = get_userdata( $user_id );
	if ( ! $user ) {
		restore_current_blog();
		return new WP_Error( 'user_does_not_exist', __( 'That user does not exist.' ) );
	}

	$user->remove_all_caps();

	$blogs = get_blogs_of_user( $user_id );
	if ( count( $blogs ) === 0 ) {
		update_user_meta( $user_id, 'primary_blog', '' );
		update_user_meta( $user_id, 'source_domain', '' );
	}

	if ( $reassign ) {
		$reassign = (int) $reassign;
		$post_ids = $wpdb->get_col( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT ID FROM $wpdb->posts WHERE post_author = %d", $user_id ) );
		$link_ids = $wpdb->get_col( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT link_id FROM $wpdb->links WHERE link_owner = %d", $user_id ) );

		if ( ! empty( $post_ids ) ) {
			$wpdb->query( $wpdb->prepare( "UPDATE $wpdb->posts SET post_author = %d WHERE post_author = %d", $reassign, $user_id ) );
			array_walk( $post_ids, 'clean_post_cache' );
		}

		if ( ! empty( $link_ids ) ) {
			$wpdb->query( $wpdb->prepare( "UPDATE $wpdb->links SET link_owner = %d WHERE link_owner = %d", $reassign, $user_id ) );
			array_walk( $link_ids, 'clean_bookmark_cache' );
		}
	}

	clean_user_cache( $user_id );
	restore_current_blog();

	return true;
}

/**
 * Gets the permalink for a post on another blog.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0) 1.0
 *
 * @param int $blog_id ID of the source blog.
 * @param int $post_id ID of the desired post.
 * @return string The post's permalink.
 */
function get_blog_permalink( $blog_id, $post_id ) {
	switch_to_blog( $blog_id );
	$link = get_permalink( $post_id );
	restore_current_blog();

	return $link;
}

/**
 * Gets a blog's numeric ID from its URL.
 *
 * On a subdirectory installation like example.com/blog1/,
 * $domain will be the root 'example.com' and $path the
 * subdirectory '/blog1/'. With subdomains like blog1.example.com,
 * $domain is 'blog1.example.com' and $path is '/'.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param string $domain Website domain.
 * @param string $path   Optional. Not required for subdomain installations. Default '/'.
 * @return int 0 if no blog found, otherwise the ID of the matching blog.
 */
function get_blog_id_from_url( $domain, $path = '/' ) {
	$domain = strtolower( $domain );
	$path   = strtolower( $path );
	$id     = wp_cache_get( md5( $domain . $path ), 'blog-id-cache' );

	if ( -1 === $id ) { // Blog does not exist.
		return 0;
	} elseif ( $id ) {
		return (int) $id;
	}

	$args   = array(
		'domain'                 => $domain,
		'path'                   => $path,
		'fields'                 => 'ids',
		'number'                 => 1,
		'update_site_meta_cache' => false,
	);
	$result = get_sites( $args );
	$id     = array_shift( $result );

	if ( ! $id ) {
		wp_cache_set( md5( $domain . $path ), -1, 'blog-id-cache' );
		return 0;
	}

	wp_cache_set( md5( $domain . $path ), $id, 'blog-id-cache' );

	return $id;
}

//
// Admin functions.
//

/**
 * Checks an email address against a list of banned domains.
 *
 * This function checks against the Banned Email Domains list
 * at wp-admin/network/settings.php. The check is only run on
 * self-registrations; user creation at wp-admin/network/users.php
 * bypasses this check.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param string $user_email The email provided by the user at registration.
 * @return bool True when the email address is banned, false otherwise.
 */
function is_email_address_unsafe( $user_email ) {
	$banned_names = get_site_option( 'banned_email_domains' );
	if ( $banned_names && ! is_array( $banned_names ) ) {
		$banned_names = explode( "\n", $banned_names );
	}

	$is_email_address_unsafe = false;

	if ( $banned_names && is_array( $banned_names ) && false !== strpos( $user_email, '@', 1 ) ) {
		$banned_names     = array_map( 'strtolower', $banned_names );
		$normalized_email = strtolower( $user_email );

		list( $email_local_part, $email_domain ) = explode( '@', $normalized_email );

		foreach ( $banned_names as $banned_domain ) {
			if ( ! $banned_domain ) {
				continue;
			}

			if ( $email_domain === $banned_domain ) {
				$is_email_address_unsafe = true;
				break;
			}

			if ( str_ends_with( $normalized_email, ".$banned_domain" ) ) {
				$is_email_address_unsafe = true;
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Filters whether an email address is unsafe.
	 *
	 * @since 3.5.0
	 *
	 * @param bool   $is_email_address_unsafe Whether the email address is "unsafe". Default false.
	 * @param string $user_email              User email address.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'is_email_address_unsafe', $is_email_address_unsafe, $user_email );
}

/**
 * Sanitizes and validates data required for a user sign-up.
 *
 * Verifies the validity and uniqueness of user names and user email addresses,
 * and checks email addresses against allowed and disallowed domains provided by
 * administrators.
 *
 * The {@see 'wpmu_validate_user_signup'} hook provides an easy way to modify the sign-up
 * process. The value $result, which is passed to the hook, contains both the user-provided
 * info and the error messages created by the function. {@see 'wpmu_validate_user_signup'}
 * allows you to process the data in any way you'd like, and unset the relevant errors if
 * necessary.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param string $user_name  The login name provided by the user.
 * @param string $user_email The email provided by the user.
 * @return array {
 *     The array of user name, email, and the error messages.
 *
 *     @type string   $user_name     Sanitized and unique username.
 *     @type string   $orig_username Original username.
 *     @type string   $user_email    User email address.
 *     @type WP_Error $errors        WP_Error object containing any errors found.
 * }
 */
function wpmu_validate_user_signup( $user_name, $user_email ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$errors = new WP_Error();

	$orig_username = $user_name;
	$user_name     = preg_replace( '/\s+/', '', sanitize_user( $user_name, true ) );

	if ( $user_name !== $orig_username || preg_match( '/[^a-z0-9]/', $user_name ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'user_name', __( 'Usernames can only contain lowercase letters (a-z) and numbers.' ) );
		$user_name = $orig_username;
	}

	$user_email = sanitize_email( $user_email );

	if ( empty( $user_name ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'user_name', __( 'Please enter a username.' ) );
	}

	$illegal_names = get_site_option( 'illegal_names' );

	if ( ! is_array( $illegal_names ) ) {
		$illegal_names = array( 'www', 'web', 'root', 'admin', 'main', 'invite', 'administrator' );
		add_site_option( 'illegal_names', $illegal_names );
	}

	if ( in_array( $user_name, $illegal_names, true ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'user_name', __( 'Sorry, that username is not allowed.' ) );
	}

	/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/user.php */
	$illegal_logins = (array) apply_filters( 'illegal_user_logins', array() );

	if ( in_array( strtolower( $user_name ), array_map( 'strtolower', $illegal_logins ), true ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'user_name', __( 'Sorry, that username is not allowed.' ) );
	}

	if ( ! is_email( $user_email ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'user_email', __( 'Please enter a valid email address.' ) );
	} elseif ( is_email_address_unsafe( $user_email ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'user_email', __( 'You cannot use that email address to signup. There are problems with them blocking some emails from WordPress. Please use another email provider.' ) );
	}

	if ( strlen( $user_name ) < 4 ) {
		$errors->add( 'user_name', __( 'Username must be at least 4 characters.' ) );
	}

	if ( strlen( $user_name ) > 60 ) {
		$errors->add( 'user_name', __( 'Username may not be longer than 60 characters.' ) );
	}

	// All numeric?
	if ( preg_match( '/^[0-9]*$/', $user_name ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'user_name', __( 'Sorry, usernames must have letters too!' ) );
	}

	$limited_email_domains = get_site_option( 'limited_email_domains' );

	if ( is_array( $limited_email_domains ) && ! empty( $limited_email_domains ) ) {
		$limited_email_domains = array_map( 'strtolower', $limited_email_domains );
		$email_domain          = strtolower( substr( $user_email, 1 + strpos( $user_email, '@' ) ) );

		if ( ! in_array( $email_domain, $limited_email_domains, true ) ) {
			$errors->add( 'user_email', __( 'Sorry, that email address is not allowed!' ) );
		}
	}

	// Check if the username has been used already.
	if ( username_exists( $user_name ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'user_name', __( 'Sorry, that username already exists!' ) );
	}

	// Check if the email address has been used already.
	if ( email_exists( $user_email ) ) {
		$errors->add(
			'user_email',
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: Link to the login page. */
				__( '<strong>Error:</strong> This email address is already registered. <a href="%s">Log in</a> with this address or choose another one.' ),
				wp_login_url()
			)
		);
	}

	// Has someone already signed up for this username?
	$signup = $wpdb->get_row( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT * FROM $wpdb->signups WHERE user_login = %s", $user_name ) );
	if ( $signup instanceof stdClass ) {
		$registered_at = mysql2date( 'U', $signup->registered );
		$now           = time();
		$diff          = $now - $registered_at;
		// If registered more than two days ago, cancel registration and let this signup go through.
		if ( $diff > 2 * DAY_IN_SECONDS ) {
			$wpdb->delete( $wpdb->signups, array( 'user_login' => $user_name ) );
		} else {
			$errors->add( 'user_name', __( 'That username is currently reserved but may be available in a couple of days.' ) );
		}
	}

	$signup = $wpdb->get_row( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT * FROM $wpdb->signups WHERE user_email = %s", $user_email ) );
	if ( $signup instanceof stdClass ) {
		$diff = time() - mysql2date( 'U', $signup->registered );
		// If registered more than two days ago, cancel registration and let this signup go through.
		if ( $diff > 2 * DAY_IN_SECONDS ) {
			$wpdb->delete( $wpdb->signups, array( 'user_email' => $user_email ) );
		} else {
			$errors->add( 'user_email', __( 'That email address has already been used. Please check your inbox for an activation email. It will become available in a couple of days if you do nothing.' ) );
		}
	}

	$result = array(
		'user_name'     => $user_name,
		'orig_username' => $orig_username,
		'user_email'    => $user_email,
		'errors'        => $errors,
	);

	/**
	 * Filters the validated user registration details.
	 *
	 * This does not allow you to override the username or email of the user during
	 * registration. The values are solely used for validation and error handling.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param array $result {
	 *     The array of user name, email, and the error messages.
	 *
	 *     @type string   $user_name     Sanitized and unique username.
	 *     @type string   $orig_username Original username.
	 *     @type string   $user_email    User email address.
	 *     @type WP_Error $errors        WP_Error object containing any errors found.
	 * }
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'wpmu_validate_user_signup', $result );
}

/**
 * Processes new site registrations.
 *
 * Checks the data provided by the user during blog signup. Verifies
 * the validity and uniqueness of blog paths and domains.
 *
 * This function prevents the current user from registering a new site
 * with a blogname equivalent to another user's login name. Passing the
 * $user parameter to the function, where $user is the other user, is
 * effectively an override of this limitation.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'wpmu_validate_blog_signup'} if you want to modify
 * the way that WordPress validates new site signups.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @global wpdb   $wpdb   WordPress database abstraction object.
 * @global string $domain
 *
 * @param string         $blogname   The site name provided by the user. Must be unique.
 * @param string         $blog_title The site title provided by the user.
 * @param WP_User|string $user       Optional. The user object to check against the new site name.
 *                                   Default empty string.
 * @return array {
 *     Array of domain, path, site name, site title, user and error messages.
 *
 *     @type string         $domain     Domain for the site.
 *     @type string         $path       Path for the site. Used in subdirectory installations.
 *     @type string         $blogname   The unique site name (slug).
 *     @type string         $blog_title Blog title.
 *     @type string|WP_User $user       By default, an empty string. A user object if provided.
 *     @type WP_Error       $errors     WP_Error containing any errors found.
 * }
 */
function wpmu_validate_blog_signup( $blogname, $blog_title, $user = '' ) {
	global $wpdb, $domain;

	$current_network = get_network();
	$base            = $current_network->path;

	$blog_title = strip_tags( $blog_title );

	$errors        = new WP_Error();
	$illegal_names = get_site_option( 'illegal_names' );

	if ( ! is_array( $illegal_names ) ) {
		$illegal_names = array( 'www', 'web', 'root', 'admin', 'main', 'invite', 'administrator' );
		add_site_option( 'illegal_names', $illegal_names );
	}

	/*
	 * On sub dir installations, some names are so illegal, only a filter can
	 * spring them from jail.
	 */
	if ( ! is_subdomain_install() ) {
		$illegal_names = array_merge( $illegal_names, get_subdirectory_reserved_names() );
	}

	if ( empty( $blogname ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'blogname', __( 'Please enter a site name.' ) );
	}

	if ( preg_match( '/[^a-z0-9]+/', $blogname ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'blogname', __( 'Site names can only contain lowercase letters (a-z) and numbers.' ) );
	}

	if ( in_array( $blogname, $illegal_names, true ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'blogname', __( 'That name is not allowed.' ) );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the minimum site name length required when validating a site signup.
	 *
	 * @since 4.8.0
	 *
	 * @param int $length The minimum site name length. Default 4.
	 */
	$minimum_site_name_length = apply_filters( 'minimum_site_name_length', 4 );

	if ( strlen( $blogname ) < $minimum_site_name_length ) {
		/* translators: %s: Minimum site name length. */
		$errors->add( 'blogname', sprintf( _n( 'Site name must be at least %s character.', 'Site name must be at least %s characters.', $minimum_site_name_length ), number_format_i18n( $minimum_site_name_length ) ) );
	}

	// Do not allow users to create a site that conflicts with a page on the main blog.
	if ( ! is_subdomain_install() && $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( 'SELECT post_name FROM ' . $wpdb->get_blog_prefix( $current_network->site_id ) . "posts WHERE post_type = 'page' AND post_name = %s", $blogname ) ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'blogname', __( 'Sorry, you may not use that site name.' ) );
	}

	// All numeric?
	if ( preg_match( '/^[0-9]*$/', $blogname ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'blogname', __( 'Sorry, site names must have letters too!' ) );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the new site name during registration.
	 *
	 * The name is the site's subdomain or the site's subdirectory
	 * path depending on the network settings.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param string $blogname Site name.
	 */
	$blogname = apply_filters( 'newblogname', $blogname );

	$blog_title = wp_unslash( $blog_title );

	if ( empty( $blog_title ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'blog_title', __( 'Please enter a site title.' ) );
	}

	// Check if the domain/path has been used already.
	if ( is_subdomain_install() ) {
		$mydomain = $blogname . '.' . preg_replace( '|^www\.|', '', $domain );
		$path     = $base;
	} else {
		$mydomain = $domain;
		$path     = $base . $blogname . '/';
	}
	if ( domain_exists( $mydomain, $path, $current_network->id ) ) {
		$errors->add( 'blogname', __( 'Sorry, that site already exists!' ) );
	}

	/*
	 * Do not allow users to create a site that matches an existing user's login name,
	 * unless it's the user's own username.
	 */
	if ( username_exists( $blogname ) ) {
		if ( ! is_object( $user ) || ( is_object( $user ) && $user->user_login !== $blogname ) ) {
			$errors->add( 'blogname', __( 'Sorry, that site is reserved!' ) );
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Has someone already signed up for this domain?
	 * TODO: Check email too?
	 */
	$signup = $wpdb->get_row( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT * FROM $wpdb->signups WHERE domain = %s AND path = %s", $mydomain, $path ) );
	if ( $signup instanceof stdClass ) {
		$diff = time() - mysql2date( 'U', $signup->registered );
		// If registered more than two days ago, cancel registration and let this signup go through.
		if ( $diff > 2 * DAY_IN_SECONDS ) {
			$wpdb->delete(
				$wpdb->signups,
				array(
					'domain' => $mydomain,
					'path'   => $path,
				)
			);
		} else {
			$errors->add( 'blogname', __( 'That site is currently reserved but may be available in a couple days.' ) );
		}
	}

	$result = array(
		'domain'     => $mydomain,
		'path'       => $path,
		'blogname'   => $blogname,
		'blog_title' => $blog_title,
		'user'       => $user,
		'errors'     => $errors,
	);

	/**
	 * Filters site details and error messages following registration.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param array $result {
	 *     Array of domain, path, site name, site title, user and error messages.
	 *
	 *     @type string         $domain     Domain for the site.
	 *     @type string         $path       Path for the site. Used in subdirectory installations.
	 *     @type string         $blogname   The unique site name (slug).
	 *     @type string         $blog_title Site title.
	 *     @type string|WP_User $user       By default, an empty string. A user object if provided.
	 *     @type WP_Error       $errors     WP_Error containing any errors found.
	 * }
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'wpmu_validate_blog_signup', $result );
}

/**
 * Records site signup information for future activation.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param string $domain     The requested domain.
 * @param string $path       The requested path.
 * @param string $title      The requested site title.
 * @param string $user       The user's requested login name.
 * @param string $user_email The user's email address.
 * @param array  $meta       Optional. Signup meta data. By default, contains the requested privacy setting and lang_id.
 */
function wpmu_signup_blog( $domain, $path, $title, $user, $user_email, $meta = array() ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$key = substr( md5( time() . wp_rand() . $domain ), 0, 16 );

	/**
	 * Filters the metadata for a site signup.
	 *
	 * The metadata will be serialized prior to storing it in the database.
	 *
	 * @since 4.8.0
	 *
	 * @param array  $meta       Signup meta data. Default empty array.
	 * @param string $domain     The requested domain.
	 * @param string $path       The requested path.
	 * @param string $title      The requested site title.
	 * @param string $user       The user's requested login name.
	 * @param string $user_email The user's email address.
	 * @param string $key        The user's activation key.
	 */
	$meta = apply_filters( 'signup_site_meta', $meta, $domain, $path, $title, $user, $user_email, $key );

	$wpdb->insert(
		$wpdb->signups,
		array(
			'domain'         => $domain,
			'path'           => $path,
			'title'          => $title,
			'user_login'     => $user,
			'user_email'     => $user_email,
			'registered'     => current_time( 'mysql', true ),
			'activation_key' => $key,
			'meta'           => serialize( $meta ),
		)
	);

	/**
	 * Fires after site signup information has been written to the database.
	 *
	 * @since 4.4.0
	 *
	 * @param string $domain     The requested domain.
	 * @param string $path       The requested path.
	 * @param string $title      The requested site title.
	 * @param string $user       The user's requested login name.
	 * @param string $user_email The user's email address.
	 * @param string $key        The user's activation key.
	 * @param array  $meta       Signup meta data. By default, contains the requested privacy setting and lang_id.
	 */
	do_action( 'after_signup_site', $domain, $path, $title, $user, $user_email, $key, $meta );
}

/**
 * Records user signup information for future activation.
 *
 * This function is used when user registration is open but
 * new site registration is not.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param string $user       The user's requested login name.
 * @param string $user_email The user's email address.
 * @param array  $meta       Optional. Signup meta data. Default empty array.
 */
function wpmu_signup_user( $user, $user_email, $meta = array() ) {
	global $wpdb;

	// Format data.
	$user       = preg_replace( '/\s+/', '', sanitize_user( $user, true ) );
	$user_email = sanitize_email( $user_email );
	$key        = substr( md5( time() . wp_rand() . $user_email ), 0, 16 );

	/**
	 * Filters the metadata for a user signup.
	 *
	 * The metadata will be serialized prior to storing it in the database.
	 *
	 * @since 4.8.0
	 *
	 * @param array  $meta       Signup meta data. Default empty array.
	 * @param string $user       The user's requested login name.
	 * @param string $user_email The user's email address.
	 * @param string $key        The user's activation key.
	 */
	$meta = apply_filters( 'signup_user_meta', $meta, $user, $user_email, $key );

	$wpdb->insert(
		$wpdb->signups,
		array(
			'domain'         => '',
			'path'           => '',
			'title'          => '',
			'user_login'     => $user,
			'user_email'     => $user_email,
			'registered'     => current_time( 'mysql', true ),
			'activation_key' => $key,
			'meta'           => serialize( $meta ),
		)
	);

	/**
	 * Fires after a user's signup information has been written to the database.
	 *
	 * @since 4.4.0
	 *
	 * @param string $user       The user's requested login name.
	 * @param string $user_email The user's email address.
	 * @param string $key        The user's activation key.
	 * @param array  $meta       Signup meta data. Default empty array.
	 */
	do_action( 'after_signup_user', $user, $user_email, $key, $meta );
}

/**
 * Sends a confirmation request email to a user when they sign up for a new site. The new site will not become active
 * until the confirmation link is clicked.
 *
 * This is the notification function used when site registration
 * is enabled.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'wpmu_signup_blog_notification'} to bypass this function or
 * replace it with your own notification behavior.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'wpmu_signup_blog_notification_email'} and
 * {@see 'wpmu_signup_blog_notification_subject'} to change the content
 * and subject line of the email sent to newly registered users.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param string $domain     The new blog domain.
 * @param string $path       The new blog path.
 * @param string $title      The site title.
 * @param string $user_login The user's login name.
 * @param string $user_email The user's email address.
 * @param string $key        The activation key created in wpmu_signup_blog().
 * @param array  $meta       Optional. Signup meta data. By default, contains the requested privacy setting and lang_id.
 * @return bool
 */
function wpmu_signup_blog_notification(
	$domain,
	$path,
	$title,
	$user_login,
	$user_email,
	#[\SensitiveParameter]
	$key,
	$meta = array()
) {
	/**
	 * Filters whether to bypass the new site email notification.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param string|false $domain     Site domain, or false to prevent the email from sending.
	 * @param string       $path       Site path.
	 * @param string       $title      Site title.
	 * @param string       $user_login User login name.
	 * @param string       $user_email User email address.
	 * @param string       $key        Activation key created in wpmu_signup_blog().
	 * @param array        $meta       Signup meta data. By default, contains the requested privacy setting and lang_id.
	 */
	if ( ! apply_filters( 'wpmu_signup_blog_notification', $domain, $path, $title, $user_login, $user_email, $key, $meta ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	// Send email with activation link.
	if ( ! is_subdomain_install() || get_current_network_id() !== 1 ) {
		$activate_url = network_site_url( "wp-activate.php?key=$key" );
	} else {
		$activate_url = "http://{$domain}{$path}wp-activate.php?key=$key"; // @todo Use *_url() API.
	}

	$activate_url = esc_url( $activate_url );

	$admin_email = get_site_option( 'admin_email' );

	if ( '' === $admin_email ) {
		$admin_email = 'support@' . wp_parse_url( network_home_url(), PHP_URL_HOST );
	}

	$from_name       = ( '' !== get_site_option( 'site_name' ) ) ? esc_html( get_site_option( 'site_name' ) ) : 'WordPress';
	$message_headers = "From: \"{$from_name}\" <{$admin_email}>\n" . 'Content-Type: text/plain; charset="' . get_option( 'blog_charset' ) . "\"\n";

	$user            = get_user_by( 'login', $user_login );
	$switched_locale = $user && switch_to_user_locale( $user->ID );

	$message = sprintf(
		/**
		 * Filters the message content of the new blog notification email.
		 *
		 * Content should be formatted for transmission via wp_mail().
		 *
		 * @since MU (3.0.0)
		 *
		 * @param string $content    Content of the notification email.
		 * @param string $domain     Site domain.
		 * @param string $path       Site path.
		 * @param string $title      Site title.
		 * @param string $user_login User login name.
		 * @param string $user_email User email address.
		 * @param string $key        Activation key created in wpmu_signup_blog().
		 * @param array  $meta       Signup meta data. By default, contains the requested privacy setting and lang_id.
		 */
		apply_filters(
			'wpmu_signup_blog_notification_email',
			/* translators: New site notification email. 1: Activation URL, 2: New site URL. */
			__( "To activate your site, please click the following link:\n\n%1\$s\n\nAfter you activate, you will receive *another email* with your login.\n\nAfter you activate, you can visit your site here:\n\n%2\$s" ),
			$domain,
			$path,
			$title,
			$user_login,
			$user_email,
			$key,
			$meta
		),
		$activate_url,
		esc_url( "http://{$domain}{$path}" ),
		$key
	);

	$subject = sprintf(
		/**
		 * Filters the subject of the new blog notification email.
		 *
		 * @since MU (3.0.0)
		 *
		 * @param string $subject    Subject of the notification email.
		 * @param string $domain     Site domain.
		 * @param string $path       Site path.
		 * @param string $title      Site title.
		 * @param string $user_login User login name.
		 * @param string $user_email User email address.
		 * @param string $key        Activation key created in wpmu_signup_blog().
		 * @param array  $meta       Signup meta data. By default, contains the requested privacy setting and lang_id.
		 */
		apply_filters(
			'wpmu_signup_blog_notification_subject',
			/* translators: New site notification email subject. 1: Network title, 2: New site URL. */
			_x( '[%1$s] Activate %2$s', 'New site notification email subject' ),
			$domain,
			$path,
			$title,
			$user_login,
			$user_email,
			$key,
			$meta
		),
		$from_name,
		esc_url( 'http://' . $domain . $path )
	);

	wp_mail( $user_email, wp_specialchars_decode( $subject ), $message, $message_headers );

	if ( $switched_locale ) {
		restore_previous_locale();
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Sends a confirmation request email to a user when they sign up for a new user account (without signing up for a site
 * at the same time). The user account will not become active until the confirmation link is clicked.
 *
 * This is the notification function used when no new site has
 * been requested.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'wpmu_signup_user_notification'} to bypass this function or
 * replace it with your own notification behavior.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'wpmu_signup_user_notification_email'} and
 * {@see 'wpmu_signup_user_notification_subject'} to change the content
 * and subject line of the email sent to newly registered users.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param string $user_login The user's login name.
 * @param string $user_email The user's email address.
 * @param string $key        The activation key created in wpmu_signup_user()
 * @param array  $meta       Optional. Signup meta data. Default empty array.
 * @return bool
 */
function wpmu_signup_user_notification(
	$user_login,
	$user_email,
	#[\SensitiveParameter]
	$key,
	$meta = array()
) {
	/**
	 * Filters whether to bypass the email notification for new user sign-up.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param string $user_login User login name.
	 * @param string $user_email User email address.
	 * @param string $key        Activation key created in wpmu_signup_user().
	 * @param array  $meta       Signup meta data. Default empty array.
	 */
	if ( ! apply_filters( 'wpmu_signup_user_notification', $user_login, $user_email, $key, $meta ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$user            = get_user_by( 'login', $user_login );
	$switched_locale = $user && switch_to_user_locale( $user->ID );

	// Send email with activation link.
	$admin_email = get_site_option( 'admin_email' );

	if ( '' === $admin_email ) {
		$admin_email = 'support@' . wp_parse_url( network_home_url(), PHP_URL_HOST );
	}

	$from_name       = ( '' !== get_site_option( 'site_name' ) ) ? esc_html( get_site_option( 'site_name' ) ) : 'WordPress';
	$message_headers = "From: \"{$from_name}\" <{$admin_email}>\n" . 'Content-Type: text/plain; charset="' . get_option( 'blog_charset' ) . "\"\n";
	$message         = sprintf(
		/**
		 * Filters the content of the notification email for new user sign-up.
		 *
		 * Content should be formatted for transmission via wp_mail().
		 *
		 * @since MU (3.0.0)
		 *
		 * @param string $content    Content of the notification email.
		 * @param string $user_login User login name.
		 * @param string $user_email User email address.
		 * @param string $key        Activation key created in wpmu_signup_user().
		 * @param array  $meta       Signup meta data. Default empty array.
		 */
		apply_filters(
			'wpmu_signup_user_notification_email',
			/* translators: New user notification email. %s: Activation URL. */
			__( "To activate your user, please click the following link:\n\n%s\n\nAfter you activate, you will receive *another email* with your login." ),
			$user_login,
			$user_email,
			$key,
			$meta
		),
		site_url( "wp-activate.php?key=$key" )
	);

	$subject = sprintf(
		/**
		 * Filters the subject of the notification email of new user signup.
		 *
		 * @since MU (3.0.0)
		 *
		 * @param string $subject    Subject of the notification email.
		 * @param string $user_login User login name.
		 * @param string $user_email User email address.
		 * @param string $key        Activation key created in wpmu_signup_user().
		 * @param array  $meta       Signup meta data. Default empty array.
		 */
		apply_filters(
			'wpmu_signup_user_notification_subject',
			/* translators: New user notification email subject. 1: Network title, 2: New user login. */
			_x( '[%1$s] Activate %2$s', 'New user notification email subject' ),
			$user_login,
			$user_email,
			$key,
			$meta
		),
		$from_name,
		$user_login
	);

	wp_mail( $user_email, wp_specialchars_decode( $subject ), $message, $message_headers );

	if ( $switched_locale ) {
		restore_previous_locale();
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Activates a signup.
 *
 * Hook to {@see 'wpmu_activate_user'} or {@see 'wpmu_activate_blog'} for events
 * that should happen only when users or sites are self-created (since
 * those actions are not called when users and sites are created
 * by a Super Admin).
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param string $key The activation key provided to the user.
 * @return array|WP_Error An array containing information about the activated user and/or blog.
 */
function wpmu_activate_signup(
	#[\SensitiveParameter]
	$key
) {
	global $wpdb;

	$signup = $wpdb->get_row( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT * FROM $wpdb->signups WHERE activation_key = %s", $key ) );

	if ( empty( $signup ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_key', __( 'Invalid activation key.' ) );
	}

	if ( $signup->active ) {
		if ( empty( $signup->domain ) ) {
			return new WP_Error( 'already_active', __( 'The user is already active.' ), $signup );
		} else {
			return new WP_Error( 'already_active', __( 'The site is already active.' ), $signup );
		}
	}

	$meta     = maybe_unserialize( $signup->meta );
	$password = wp_generate_password( 12, false );

	$user_id = username_exists( $signup->user_login );

	if ( ! $user_id ) {
		$user_id = wpmu_create_user( $signup->user_login, $password, $signup->user_email );
	} else {
		$user_already_exists = true;
	}

	if ( ! $user_id ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'create_user', __( 'Could not create user' ), $signup );
	}

	$now = current_time( 'mysql', true );

	if ( empty( $signup->domain ) ) {
		$wpdb->update(
			$wpdb->signups,
			array(
				'active'    => 1,
				'activated' => $now,
			),
			array( 'activation_key' => $key )
		);

		if ( isset( $user_already_exists ) ) {
			return new WP_Error( 'user_already_exists', __( 'That username is already activated.' ), $signup );
		}

		/**
		 * Fires immediately after a new user is activated.
		 *
		 * @since MU (3.0.0)
		 *
		 * @param int    $user_id  User ID.
		 * @param string $password User password.
		 * @param array  $meta     Signup meta data.
		 */
		do_action( 'wpmu_activate_user', $user_id, $password, $meta );

		return array(
			'user_id'  => $user_id,
			'password' => $password,
			'meta'     => $meta,
		);
	}

	$blog_id = wpmu_create_blog( $signup->domain, $signup->path, $signup->title, $user_id, $meta, get_current_network_id() );

	// TODO: What to do if we create a user but cannot create a blog?
	if ( is_wp_error( $blog_id ) ) {
		/*
		 * If blog is taken, that means a previous attempt to activate this blog
		 * failed in between creating the blog and setting the activation flag.
		 * Let's just set the active flag and instruct the user to reset their password.
		 */
		if ( 'blog_taken' === $blog_id->get_error_code() ) {
			$blog_id->add_data( $signup );
			$wpdb->update(
				$wpdb->signups,
				array(
					'active'    => 1,
					'activated' => $now,
				),
				array( 'activation_key' => $key )
			);
		}
		return $blog_id;
	}

	$wpdb->update(
		$wpdb->signups,
		array(
			'active'    => 1,
			'activated' => $now,
		),
		array( 'activation_key' => $key )
	);

	/**
	 * Fires immediately after a site is activated.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param int    $blog_id       Blog ID.
	 * @param int    $user_id       User ID.
	 * @param string $password      User password.
	 * @param string $signup_title  Site title.
	 * @param array  $meta          Signup meta data. By default, contains the requested privacy setting and lang_id.
	 */
	do_action( 'wpmu_activate_blog', $blog_id, $user_id, $password, $signup->title, $meta );

	return array(
		'blog_id'  => $blog_id,
		'user_id'  => $user_id,
		'password' => $password,
		'title'    => $signup->title,
		'meta'     => $meta,
	);
}

/**
 * Deletes an associated signup entry when a user is deleted from the database.
 *
 * @since 5.5.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int      $id       ID of the user to delete.
 * @param int|null $reassign ID of the user to reassign posts and links to.
 * @param WP_User  $user     User object.
 */
function wp_delete_signup_on_user_delete( $id, $reassign, $user ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$wpdb->delete( $wpdb->signups, array( 'user_login' => $user->user_login ) );
}

/**
 * Creates a user.
 *
 * This function runs when a user self-registers as well as when
 * a Super Admin creates a new user. Hook to {@see 'wpmu_new_user'} for events
 * that should affect all new users, but only on Multisite (otherwise
 * use {@see 'user_register'}).
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param string $user_name The new user's login name.
 * @param string $password  The new user's password.
 * @param string $email     The new user's email address.
 * @return int|false Returns false on failure, or int $user_id on success.
 */
function wpmu_create_user(
	$user_name,
	#[\SensitiveParameter]
	$password,
	$email
) {
	$user_name = preg_replace( '/\s+/', '', sanitize_user( $user_name, true ) );

	$user_id = wp_create_user( $user_name, $password, $email );
	if ( is_wp_error( $user_id ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	// Newly created users have no roles or caps until they are added to a blog.
	delete_user_option( $user_id, 'capabilities' );
	delete_user_option( $user_id, 'user_level' );

	/**
	 * Fires immediately after a new user is created.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param int $user_id User ID.
	 */
	do_action( 'wpmu_new_user', $user_id );

	return $user_id;
}

/**
 * Creates a site.
 *
 * This function runs when a user self-registers a new site as well
 * as when a Super Admin creates a new site. Hook to {@see 'wpmu_new_blog'}
 * for events that should affect all new sites.
 *
 * On subdirectory installations, $domain is the same as the main site's
 * domain, and the path is the subdirectory name (eg 'example.com'
 * and '/blog1/'). On subdomain installations, $domain is the new subdomain +
 * root domain (eg 'blog1.example.com'), and $path is '/'.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param string $domain     The new site's domain.
 * @param string $path       The new site's path.
 * @param string $title      The new site's title.
 * @param int    $user_id    The user ID of the new site's admin.
 * @param array  $options    Optional. Array of key=>value pairs used to set initial site options.
 *                           If valid status keys are included ('public', 'archived', 'mature',
 *                           'spam', 'deleted', or 'lang_id') the given site status(es) will be
 *                           updated. Otherwise, keys and values will be used to set options for
 *                           the new site. Default empty array.
 * @param int    $network_id Optional. Network ID. Only relevant on multi-network installations.
 *                           Default 1.
 * @return int|WP_Error Returns WP_Error object on failure, the new site ID on success.
 */
function wpmu_create_blog( $domain, $path, $title, $user_id, $options = array(), $network_id = 1 ) {
	$defaults = array(
		'public' => 0,
	);
	$options  = wp_parse_args( $options, $defaults );

	$title   = strip_tags( $title );
	$user_id = (int) $user_id;

	// Check if the domain has been used already. We should return an error message.
	if ( domain_exists( $domain, $path, $network_id ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'blog_taken', __( 'Sorry, that site already exists!' ) );
	}

	if ( ! wp_installing() ) {
		wp_installing( true );
	}

	$allowed_data_fields = array( 'public', 'archived', 'mature', 'spam', 'deleted', 'lang_id' );

	$site_data = array_merge(
		array(
			'domain'     => $domain,
			'path'       => $path,
			'network_id' => $network_id,
		),
		array_intersect_key( $options, array_flip( $allowed_data_fields ) )
	);

	// Data to pass to wp_initialize_site().
	$site_initialization_data = array(
		'title'   => $title,
		'user_id' => $user_id,
		'options' => array_diff_key( $options, array_flip( $allowed_data_fields ) ),
	);

	$blog_id = wp_insert_site( array_merge( $site_data, $site_initialization_data ) );

	if ( is_wp_error( $blog_id ) ) {
		return $blog_id;
	}

	wp_cache_set_sites_last_changed();

	return $blog_id;
}

/**
 * Notifies the network admin that a new site has been activated.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'newblog_notify_siteadmin'} to change the content of
 * the notification email.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 * @since 5.1.0 $blog_id now supports input from the {@see 'wp_initialize_site'} action.
 *
 * @param WP_Site|int $blog_id    The new site's object or ID.
 * @param string      $deprecated Not used.
 * @return bool
 */
function newblog_notify_siteadmin( $blog_id, $deprecated = '' ) {
	if ( is_object( $blog_id ) ) {
		$blog_id = $blog_id->blog_id;
	}

	if ( 'yes' !== get_site_option( 'registrationnotification' ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$email = get_site_option( 'admin_email' );

	if ( ! is_email( $email ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$options_site_url = esc_url( network_admin_url( 'settings.php' ) );

	switch_to_blog( $blog_id );
	$blogname = get_option( 'blogname' );
	$siteurl  = site_url();
	restore_current_blog();

	$msg = sprintf(
		/* translators: New site notification email. 1: Site URL, 2: User IP address, 3: URL to Network Settings screen. */
		__(
			'New Site: %1$s
URL: %2$s
Remote IP address: %3$s

Disable these notifications: %4$s'
		),
		$blogname,
		$siteurl,
		wp_unslash( $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ),
		$options_site_url
	);
	/**
	 * Filters the message body of the new site activation email sent
	 * to the network administrator.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 * @since 5.4.0 The `$blog_id` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param string     $msg     Email body.
	 * @param int|string $blog_id The new site's ID as an integer or numeric string.
	 */
	$msg = apply_filters( 'newblog_notify_siteadmin', $msg, $blog_id );

	/* translators: New site notification email subject. %s: New site URL. */
	wp_mail( $email, sprintf( __( 'New Site Registration: %s' ), $siteurl ), $msg );

	return true;
}

/**
 * Notifies the network admin that a new user has been activated.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'newuser_notify_siteadmin'} to change the content of
 * the notification email.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param int $user_id The new user's ID.
 * @return bool
 */
function newuser_notify_siteadmin( $user_id ) {
	if ( 'yes' !== get_site_option( 'registrationnotification' ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$email = get_site_option( 'admin_email' );

	if ( ! is_email( $email ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$user = get_userdata( $user_id );

	$options_site_url = esc_url( network_admin_url( 'settings.php' ) );

	$msg = sprintf(
		/* translators: New user notification email. 1: User login, 2: User IP address, 3: URL to Network Settings screen. */
		__(
			'New User: %1$s
Remote IP address: %2$s

Disable these notifications: %3$s'
		),
		$user->user_login,
		wp_unslash( $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ),
		$options_site_url
	);

	/**
	 * Filters the message body of the new user activation email sent
	 * to the network administrator.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param string  $msg  Email body.
	 * @param WP_User $user WP_User instance of the new user.
	 */
	$msg = apply_filters( 'newuser_notify_siteadmin', $msg, $user );

	/* translators: New user notification email subject. %s: User login. */
	wp_mail( $email, sprintf( __( 'New User Registration: %s' ), $user->user_login ), $msg );

	return true;
}

/**
 * Checks whether a site name is already taken.
 *
 * The name is the site's subdomain or the site's subdirectory
 * path depending on the network settings.
 *
 * Used during the new site registration process to ensure
 * that each site name is unique.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param string $domain     The domain to be checked.
 * @param string $path       The path to be checked.
 * @param int    $network_id Optional. Network ID. Only relevant on multi-network installations.
 *                           Default 1.
 * @return int|null The site ID if the site name exists, null otherwise.
 */
function domain_exists( $domain, $path, $network_id = 1 ) {
	$path   = trailingslashit( $path );
	$args   = array(
		'network_id'             => $network_id,
		'domain'                 => $domain,
		'path'                   => $path,
		'fields'                 => 'ids',
		'number'                 => 1,
		'update_site_meta_cache' => false,
	);
	$result = get_sites( $args );
	$result = array_shift( $result );

	/**
	 * Filters whether a site name is taken.
	 *
	 * The name is the site's subdomain or the site's subdirectory
	 * path depending on the network settings.
	 *
	 * @since 3.5.0
	 *
	 * @param int|null $result     The site ID if the site name exists, null otherwise.
	 * @param string   $domain     Domain to be checked.
	 * @param string   $path       Path to be checked.
	 * @param int      $network_id Network ID. Only relevant on multi-network installations.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'domain_exists', $result, $domain, $path, $network_id );
}

/**
 * Notifies the site administrator that their site activation was successful.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'wpmu_welcome_notification'} to disable or bypass.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'update_welcome_email'} and {@see 'update_welcome_subject'} to
 * modify the content and subject line of the notification email.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param int    $blog_id  Site ID.
 * @param int    $user_id  User ID.
 * @param string $password User password, or "N/A" if the user account is not new.
 * @param string $title    Site title.
 * @param array  $meta     Optional. Signup meta data. By default, contains the requested privacy setting and lang_id.
 * @return bool Whether the email notification was sent.
 */
function wpmu_welcome_notification(
	$blog_id,
	$user_id,
	#[\SensitiveParameter]
	$password,
	$title,
	$meta = array()
) {
	$current_network = get_network();

	/**
	 * Filters whether to bypass the welcome email sent to the site administrator after site activation.
	 *
	 * Returning false disables the welcome email.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param int|false $blog_id  Site ID, or false to prevent the email from sending.
	 * @param int       $user_id  User ID of the site administrator.
	 * @param string    $password User password, or "N/A" if the user account is not new.
	 * @param string    $title    Site title.
	 * @param array     $meta     Signup meta data. By default, contains the requested privacy setting and lang_id.
	 */
	if ( ! apply_filters( 'wpmu_welcome_notification', $blog_id, $user_id, $password, $title, $meta ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$user = get_userdata( $user_id );

	$switched_locale = switch_to_user_locale( $user_id );

	$welcome_email = get_site_option( 'welcome_email' );

	if ( ! $welcome_email ) {
		/* translators: Do not translate USERNAME, SITE_NAME, BLOG_URL, PASSWORD: those are placeholders. */
		$welcome_email = __(
			'Howdy USERNAME,

Your new SITE_NAME site has been successfully set up at:
BLOG_URL

You can log in to the administrator account with the following information:

Username: USERNAME
Password: PASSWORD
Log in here: BLOG_URLwp-login.php

We hope you enjoy your new site. Thanks!

--The Team @ SITE_NAME'
		);
	}

	$url = get_blogaddress_by_id( $blog_id );

	$welcome_email = str_replace( 'SITE_NAME', $current_network->site_name, $welcome_email );
	$welcome_email = str_replace( 'BLOG_TITLE', $title, $welcome_email );
	$welcome_email = str_replace( 'BLOG_URL', $url, $welcome_email );
	$welcome_email = str_replace( 'USERNAME', $user->user_login, $welcome_email );
	$welcome_email = str_replace( 'PASSWORD', $password, $welcome_email );

	/**
	 * Filters the content of the welcome email sent to the site administrator after site activation.
	 *
	 * Content should be formatted for transmission via wp_mail().
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param string $welcome_email Message body of the email.
	 * @param int    $blog_id       Site ID.
	 * @param int    $user_id       User ID of the site administrator.
	 * @param string $password      User password, or "N/A" if the user account is not new.
	 * @param string $title         Site title.
	 * @param array  $meta          Signup meta data. By default, contains the requested privacy setting and lang_id.
	 */
	$welcome_email = apply_filters( 'update_welcome_email', $welcome_email, $blog_id, $user_id, $password, $title, $meta );

	$admin_email = get_site_option( 'admin_email' );

	if ( '' === $admin_email ) {
		$admin_email = 'support@' . wp_parse_url( network_home_url(), PHP_URL_HOST );
	}

	$from_name       = ( '' !== get_site_option( 'site_name' ) ) ? esc_html( get_site_option( 'site_name' ) ) : 'WordPress';
	$message_headers = "From: \"{$from_name}\" <{$admin_email}>\n" . 'Content-Type: text/plain; charset="' . get_option( 'blog_charset' ) . "\"\n";
	$message         = $welcome_email;

	if ( empty( $current_network->site_name ) ) {
		$current_network->site_name = 'WordPress';
	}

	/* translators: New site notification email subject. 1: Network title, 2: New site title. */
	$subject = __( 'New %1$s Site: %2$s' );

	/**
	 * Filters the subject of the welcome email sent to the site administrator after site activation.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param string $subject Subject of the email.
	 */
	$subject = apply_filters( 'update_welcome_subject', sprintf( $subject, $current_network->site_name, wp_unslash( $title ) ) );

	wp_mail( $user->user_email, wp_specialchars_decode( $subject ), $message, $message_headers );

	if ( $switched_locale ) {
		restore_previous_locale();
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Notifies the Multisite network administrator that a new site was created.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'send_new_site_email'} to disable or bypass.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'new_site_email'} to filter the contents.
 *
 * @since 5.6.0
 *
 * @param int $site_id Site ID of the new site.
 * @param int $user_id User ID of the administrator of the new site.
 * @return bool Whether the email notification was sent.
 */
function wpmu_new_site_admin_notification( $site_id, $user_id ) {
	$site  = get_site( $site_id );
	$user  = get_userdata( $user_id );
	$email = get_site_option( 'admin_email' );

	if ( ! $site || ! $user || ! $email ) {
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Filters whether to send an email to the Multisite network administrator when a new site is created.
	 *
	 * Return false to disable sending the email.
	 *
	 * @since 5.6.0
	 *
	 * @param bool    $send Whether to send the email.
	 * @param WP_Site $site Site object of the new site.
	 * @param WP_User $user User object of the administrator of the new site.
	 */
	if ( ! apply_filters( 'send_new_site_email', true, $site, $user ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$switched_locale = false;
	$network_admin   = get_user_by( 'email', $email );

	if ( $network_admin ) {
		// If the network admin email address corresponds to a user, switch to their locale.
		$switched_locale = switch_to_user_locale( $network_admin->ID );
	} else {
		// Otherwise switch to the locale of the current site.
		$switched_locale = switch_to_locale( get_locale() );
	}

	$subject = sprintf(
		/* translators: New site notification email subject. %s: Network title. */
		__( '[%s] New Site Created' ),
		get_network()->site_name
	);

	$message = sprintf(
		/* translators: New site notification email. 1: User login, 2: Site URL, 3: Site title. */
		__(
			'New site created by %1$s

Address: %2$s
Name: %3$s'
		),
		$user->user_login,
		get_site_url( $site->id ),
		get_blog_option( $site->id, 'blogname' )
	);

	$header = sprintf(
		'From: "%1$s" <%2$s>',
		_x( 'Site Admin', 'email "From" field' ),
		$email
	);

	$new_site_email = array(
		'to'      => $email,
		'subject' => $subject,
		'message' => $message,
		'headers' => $header,
	);

	/**
	 * Filters the content of the email sent to the Multisite network administrator when a new site is created.
	 *
	 * Content should be formatted for transmission via wp_mail().
	 *
	 * @since 5.6.0
	 *
	 * @param array $new_site_email {
	 *     Used to build wp_mail().
	 *
	 *     @type string $to      The email address of the recipient.
	 *     @type string $subject The subject of the email.
	 *     @type string $message The content of the email.
	 *     @type string $headers Headers.
	 * }
	 * @param WP_Site $site         Site object of the new site.
	 * @param WP_User $user         User object of the administrator of the new site.
	 */
	$new_site_email = apply_filters( 'new_site_email', $new_site_email, $site, $user );

	wp_mail(
		$new_site_email['to'],
		wp_specialchars_decode( $new_site_email['subject'] ),
		$new_site_email['message'],
		$new_site_email['headers']
	);

	if ( $switched_locale ) {
		restore_previous_locale();
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Notifies a user that their account activation has been successful.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'wpmu_welcome_user_notification'} to disable or bypass.
 *
 * Filter {@see 'update_welcome_user_email'} and {@see 'update_welcome_user_subject'} to
 * modify the content and subject line of the notification email.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param int    $user_id  User ID.
 * @param string $password User password.
 * @param array  $meta     Optional. Signup meta data. Default empty array.
 * @return bool
 */
function wpmu_welcome_user_notification(
	$user_id,
	#[\SensitiveParameter]
	$password,
	$meta = array()
) {
	$current_network = get_network();

	/**
	 * Filters whether to bypass the welcome email after user activation.
	 *
	 * Returning false disables the welcome email.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param int    $user_id  User ID.
	 * @param string $password User password.
	 * @param array  $meta     Signup meta data. Default empty array.
	 */
	if ( ! apply_filters( 'wpmu_welcome_user_notification', $user_id, $password, $meta ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$welcome_email = get_site_option( 'welcome_user_email' );

	$user = get_userdata( $user_id );

	$switched_locale = switch_to_user_locale( $user_id );

	/**
	 * Filters the content of the welcome email after user activation.
	 *
	 * Content should be formatted for transmission via wp_mail().
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param string $welcome_email The message body of the account activation success email.
	 * @param int    $user_id       User ID.
	 * @param string $password      User password.
	 * @param array  $meta          Signup meta data. Default empty array.
	 */
	$welcome_email = apply_filters( 'update_welcome_user_email', $welcome_email, $user_id, $password, $meta );
	$welcome_email = str_replace( 'SITE_NAME', $current_network->site_name, $welcome_email );
	$welcome_email = str_replace( 'USERNAME', $user->user_login, $welcome_email );
	$welcome_email = str_replace( 'PASSWORD', $password, $welcome_email );
	$welcome_email = str_replace( 'LOGINLINK', wp_login_url(), $welcome_email );

	$admin_email = get_site_option( 'admin_email' );

	if ( '' === $admin_email ) {
		$admin_email = 'support@' . wp_parse_url( network_home_url(), PHP_URL_HOST );
	}

	$from_name       = ( '' !== get_site_option( 'site_name' ) ) ? esc_html( get_site_option( 'site_name' ) ) : 'WordPress';
	$message_headers = "From: \"{$from_name}\" <{$admin_email}>\n" . 'Content-Type: text/plain; charset="' . get_option( 'blog_charset' ) . "\"\n";
	$message         = $welcome_email;

	if ( empty( $current_network->site_name ) ) {
		$current_network->site_name = 'WordPress';
	}

	/* translators: New user notification email subject. 1: Network title, 2: New user login. */
	$subject = __( 'New %1$s User: %2$s' );

	/**
	 * Filters the subject of the welcome email after user activation.
	 *
	 * @since MU (3.0.0)
	 *
	 * @param string $subject Subject of the email.
	 */
	$subject = apply_filters( 'update_welcome_user_subject', sprintf( $subject, $current_network->site_name, $user->user_login ) );

	wp_mail( $user->user_email, wp_specialchars_decode( $subject ), $message, $message_headers );

	if ( $switched_locale ) {
		restore_previous_locale();
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Gets the current network.
 *
 * Returns an object containing the 'id', 'domain', 'path', and 'site_name'
 * properties of the network being viewed.
 *
 * @see wpmu_current_site()
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @global WP_Network $current_site The current network.
 *
 * @return WP_Network The current network.
 */
function get_current_site() {
	global $current_site;
	return $current_site;
}

/**
 * Gets a user's most recent post.
 *
 * Walks through each of a user's blogs to find the post with
 * the most recent post_date_gmt.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int $user_id User ID.
 * @return array Contains the blog_id, post_id, post_date_gmt, and post_gmt_ts.
 */
function get_most_recent_post_of_user( $user_id ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$user_blogs       = get_blogs_of_user( (int) $user_id );
	$most_recent_post = array();

	/*
	 * Walk through each blog and get the most recent post
	 * published by $user_id.
	 */
	foreach ( (array) $user_blogs as $blog ) {
		$prefix      = $wpdb->get_blog_prefix( $blog->userblog_id );
		$recent_post = $wpdb->get_row( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT ID, post_date_gmt FROM {$prefix}posts WHERE post_author = %d AND post_type = 'post' AND post_status = 'publish' ORDER BY post_date_gmt DESC LIMIT 1", $user_id ), ARRAY_A );

		// Make sure we found a post.
		if ( isset( $recent_post['ID'] ) ) {
			$post_gmt_ts = strtotime( $recent_post['post_date_gmt'] );

			/*
			 * If this is the first post checked
			 * or if this post is newer than the current recent post,
			 * make it the new most recent post.
			 */
			if ( ! isset( $most_recent_post['post_gmt_ts'] ) || ( $post_gmt_ts > $most_recent_post['post_gmt_ts'] ) ) {
				$most_recent_post = array(
					'blog_id'       => $blog->userblog_id,
					'post_id'       => $recent_post['ID'],
					'post_date_gmt' => $recent_post['post_date_gmt'],
					'post_gmt_ts'   => $post_gmt_ts,
				);
			}
		}
	}

	return $most_recent_post;
}

//
// Misc functions.
//

/**
 * Checks an array of MIME types against a list of allowed types.
 *
 * WordPress ships with a set of allowed upload filetypes,
 * which is defined in wp-includes/functions.php in
 * get_allowed_mime_types(). This function is used to filter
 * that list against the filetypes allowed provided by Multisite
 * Super Admins at wp-admin/network/settings.php.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param array $mimes
 * @return array
 */
function check_upload_mimes( $mimes ) {
	$site_exts  = explode( ' ', get_site_option( 'upload_filetypes', 'jpg jpeg png gif' ) );
	$site_mimes = array();
	foreach ( $site_exts as $ext ) {
		foreach ( $mimes as $ext_pattern => $mime ) {
			if ( '' !== $ext && str_contains( $ext_pattern, $ext ) ) {
				$site_mimes[ $ext_pattern ] = $mime;
			}
		}
	}
	return $site_mimes;
}

/**
 * Updates a blog's post count.
 *
 * WordPress MS stores a blog's post count as an option so as
 * to avoid extraneous COUNTs when a blog's details are fetched
 * with get_site(). This function is called when posts are published
 * or unpublished to make sure the count stays current.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param string $deprecated Not used.
 */
function update_posts_count( $deprecated = '' ) {
	global $wpdb;
	update_option( 'post_count', (int) $wpdb->get_var( "SELECT COUNT(ID) FROM {$wpdb->posts} WHERE post_status = 'publish' and post_type = 'post'" ), true );
}

/**
 * Logs the user email, IP, and registration date of a new site.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 * @since 5.1.0 Parameters now support input from the {@see 'wp_initialize_site'} action.
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param WP_Site|int $blog_id The new site's object or ID.
 * @param int|array   $user_id User ID, or array of arguments including 'user_id'.
 */
function wpmu_log_new_registrations( $blog_id, $user_id ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( is_object( $blog_id ) ) {
		$blog_id = $blog_id->blog_id;
	}

	if ( is_array( $user_id ) ) {
		$user_id = ! empty( $user_id['user_id'] ) ? $user_id['user_id'] : 0;
	}

	$user = get_userdata( (int) $user_id );
	if ( $user ) {
		$wpdb->insert(
			$wpdb->registration_log,
			array(
				'email'           => $user->user_email,
				'IP'              => preg_replace( '/[^0-9., ]/', '', wp_unslash( $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ) ),
				'blog_id'         => $blog_id,
				'date_registered' => current_time( 'mysql' ),
			)
		);
	}
}

/**
 * Ensures that the current site's domain is listed in the allowed redirect host list.
 *
 * @see wp_validate_redirect()
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param array|string $deprecated Not used.
 * @return string[] {
 *     An array containing the current site's domain.
 *
 *     @type string $0 The current site's domain.
 * }
 */
function redirect_this_site( $deprecated = '' ) {
	return array( get_network()->domain );
}

/**
 * Checks whether an upload is too big.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param array $upload An array of information about the newly-uploaded file.
 * @return string|array If the upload is under the size limit, $upload is returned. Otherwise returns an error message.
 */
function upload_is_file_too_big( $upload ) {
	if ( ! is_array( $upload ) || defined( 'WP_IMPORTING' ) || get_site_option( 'upload_space_check_disabled' ) ) {
		return $upload;
	}

	if ( strlen( $upload['bits'] ) > ( KB_IN_BYTES * get_site_option( 'fileupload_maxk', 1500 ) ) ) {
		/* translators: %s: Maximum allowed file size in kilobytes. */
		return sprintf( __( 'This file is too big. Files must be less than %s KB in size.' ) . '<br />', get_site_option( 'fileupload_maxk', 1500 ) );
	}

	return $upload;
}

/**
 * Adds a nonce field to the signup page.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 */
function signup_nonce_fields() {
	$id = mt_rand();
	echo "<input type='hidden' name='signup_form_id' value='{$id}' />";
	wp_nonce_field( 'signup_form_' . $id, '_signup_form', false );
}

/**
 * Processes the signup nonce created in signup_nonce_fields().
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param array $result
 * @return array
 */
function signup_nonce_check( $result ) {
	if ( ! strpos( $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'], 'wp-signup.php' ) ) {
		return $result;
	}

	if ( ! wp_verify_nonce( $_POST['_signup_form'], 'signup_form_' . $_POST['signup_form_id'] ) ) {
		$result['errors']->add( 'invalid_nonce', __( 'Unable to submit this form, please try again.' ) );
	}

	return $result;
}

/**
 * Corrects 404 redirects when NOBLOGREDIRECT is defined.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 */
function maybe_redirect_404() {
	if ( is_main_site() && is_404() && defined( 'NOBLOGREDIRECT' ) ) {
		/**
		 * Filters the redirect URL for 404s on the main site.
		 *
		 * The filter is only evaluated if the NOBLOGREDIRECT constant is defined.
		 *
		 * @since 3.0.0
		 *
		 * @param string $no_blog_redirect The redirect URL defined in NOBLOGREDIRECT.
		 */
		$destination = apply_filters( 'blog_redirect_404', NOBLOGREDIRECT );

		if ( $destination ) {
			if ( '%siteurl%' === $destination ) {
				$destination = network_home_url();
			}

			wp_redirect( $destination );
			exit;
		}
	}
}

/**
 * Adds a new user to a blog by visiting /newbloguser/{key}/.
 *
 * This will only work when the user's details are saved as an option
 * keyed as 'new_user_{key}', where '{key}' is a hash generated for the user to be
 * added, as when a user is invited through the regular WP Add User interface.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 */
function maybe_add_existing_user_to_blog() {
	if ( ! str_contains( $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], '/newbloguser/' ) ) {
		return;
	}

	$parts = explode( '/', $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] );
	$key   = array_pop( $parts );

	if ( '' === $key ) {
		$key = array_pop( $parts );
	}

	$details = get_option( 'new_user_' . $key );
	if ( ! empty( $details ) ) {
		delete_option( 'new_user_' . $key );
	}

	if ( empty( $details ) || is_wp_error( add_existing_user_to_blog( $details ) ) ) {
		wp_die(
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: Home URL. */
				__( 'An error occurred adding you to this site. Go to the <a href="%s">homepage</a>.' ),
				home_url()
			)
		);
	}

	wp_die(
		sprintf(
			/* translators: 1: Home URL, 2: Admin URL. */
			__( 'You have been added to this site. Please visit the <a href="%1$s">homepage</a> or <a href="%2$s">log in</a> using your username and password.' ),
			home_url(),
			admin_url()
		),
		__( 'WordPress &rsaquo; Success' ),
		array( 'response' => 200 )
	);
}

/**
 * Adds a user to a blog based on details from maybe_add_existing_user_to_blog().
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param array|false $details {
 *     User details. Must at least contain values for the keys listed below.
 *
 *     @type int    $user_id The ID of the user being added to the current blog.
 *     @type string $role    The role to be assigned to the user.
 * }
 * @return true|WP_Error|void True on success or a WP_Error object if the user doesn't exist
 *                            or could not be added. Void if $details array was not provided.
 */
function add_existing_user_to_blog( $details = false ) {
	if ( is_array( $details ) ) {
		$blog_id = get_current_blog_id();
		$result  = add_user_to_blog( $blog_id, $details['user_id'], $details['role'] );

		/**
		 * Fires immediately after an existing user is added to a site.
		 *
		 * @since MU (3.0.0)
		 *
		 * @param int           $user_id User ID.
		 * @param true|WP_Error $result  True on success or a WP_Error object if the user doesn't exist
		 *                               or could not be added.
		 */
		do_action( 'added_existing_user', $details['user_id'], $result );

		return $result;
	}
}

/**
 * Adds a newly created user to the appropriate blog
 *
 * To add a user in general, use add_user_to_blog(). This function
 * is specifically hooked into the {@see 'wpmu_activate_user'} action.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @see add_user_to_blog()
 *
 * @param int    $user_id  User ID.
 * @param string $password User password. Ignored.
 * @param array  $meta     Signup meta data.
 */
function add_new_user_to_blog(
	$user_id,
	#[\SensitiveParameter]
	$password,
	$meta
) {
	if ( ! empty( $meta['add_to_blog'] ) ) {
		$blog_id = $meta['add_to_blog'];
		$role    = $meta['new_role'];
		remove_user_from_blog( $user_id, get_network()->site_id ); // Remove user from main blog.

		$result = add_user_to_blog( $blog_id, $user_id, $role );

		if ( ! is_wp_error( $result ) ) {
			update_user_meta( $user_id, 'primary_blog', $blog_id );
		}
	}
}

/**
 * Corrects From host on outgoing mail to match the site domain.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer $phpmailer The PHPMailer instance (passed by reference).
 */
function fix_phpmailer_messageid( $phpmailer ) {
	$phpmailer->Hostname = get_network()->domain;
}

/**
 * Determines whether a user is marked as a spammer, based on user login.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param string|WP_User $user Optional. Defaults to current user. WP_User object,
 *                             or user login name as a string.
 * @return bool
 */
function is_user_spammy( $user = null ) {
	if ( ! ( $user instanceof WP_User ) ) {
		if ( $user ) {
			$user = get_user_by( 'login', $user );
		} else {
			$user = wp_get_current_user();
		}
	}

	return $user && isset( $user->spam ) && '1' === $user->spam;
}

/**
 * Updates this blog's 'public' setting in the global blogs table.
 *
 * Public blogs have a setting of 1, private blogs are 0.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param int $old_value The old public value.
 * @param int $value     The new public value.
 */
function update_blog_public( $old_value, $value ) {
	update_blog_status( get_current_blog_id(), 'public', (int) $value );
}

/**
 * Determines whether users can self-register, based on Network settings.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @return bool
 */
function users_can_register_signup_filter() {
	$registration = get_site_option( 'registration' );
	return ( 'all' === $registration || 'user' === $registration );
}

/**
 * Ensures that the welcome message is not empty. Currently unused.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @param string $text
 * @return string
 */
function welcome_user_msg_filter( $text ) {
	if ( ! $text ) {
		remove_filter( 'site_option_welcome_user_email', 'welcome_user_msg_filter' );

		/* translators: Do not translate USERNAME, PASSWORD, LOGINLINK, SITE_NAME: those are placeholders. */
		$text = __(
			'Howdy USERNAME,

Your new account is set up.

You can log in with the following information:
Username: USERNAME
Password: PASSWORD
LOGINLINK

Thanks!

--The Team @ SITE_NAME'
		);
		update_site_option( 'welcome_user_email', $text );
	}
	return $text;
}

/**
 * Determines whether to force SSL on content.
 *
 * @since 2.8.5
 *
 * @param bool $force
 * @return bool True if forced, false if not forced.
 */
function force_ssl_content( $force = '' ) {
	static $forced_content = false;

	if ( ! $force ) {
		$old_forced     = $forced_content;
		$forced_content = $force;
		return $old_forced;
	}

	return $forced_content;
}

/**
 * Formats a URL to use https.
 *
 * Useful as a filter.
 *
 * @since 2.8.5
 *
 * @param string $url URL.
 * @return string URL with https as the scheme.
 */
function filter_SSL( $url ) {  // phpcs:ignore WordPress.NamingConventions.ValidFunctionName.FunctionNameInvalid
	if ( ! is_string( $url ) ) {
		return get_bloginfo( 'url' ); // Return home site URL with proper scheme.
	}

	if ( force_ssl_content() && is_ssl() ) {
		$url = set_url_scheme( $url, 'https' );
	}

	return $url;
}

/**
 * Schedules update of the network-wide counts for the current network.
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 */
function wp_schedule_update_network_counts() {
	if ( ! is_main_site() ) {
		return;
	}

	if ( ! wp_next_scheduled( 'update_network_counts' ) && ! wp_installing() ) {
		wp_schedule_event( time(), 'twicedaily', 'update_network_counts' );
	}
}

/**
 * Updates the network-wide counts for the current network.
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 * @since 4.8.0 The `$network_id` parameter has been added.
 *
 * @param int|null $network_id ID of the network. Default is the current network.
 */
function wp_update_network_counts( $network_id = null ) {
	wp_update_network_user_counts( $network_id );
	wp_update_network_site_counts( $network_id );
}

/**
 * Updates the count of sites for the current network.
 *
 * If enabled through the {@see 'enable_live_network_counts'} filter, update the sites count
 * on a network when a site is created or its status is updated.
 *
 * @since 3.7.0
 * @since 4.8.0 The `$network_id` parameter has been added.
 *
 * @param int|null $network_id ID of the network. Default is the current network.
 */
function wp_maybe_update_network_site_counts( $network_id = null ) {
	$is_small_network = ! wp_is_large_network( 'sites', $network_id );

	/**
	 * Filters whether to update network site or user counts when a new site is created.
	 *
	 * @since 3.7.0
	 *
	 * @see wp_is_large_network()
	 *
	 * @param bool   $small_network Whether the network is considered small.
	 * @param string $context       Context. Either 'users' or 'sites'.
	 */
	if ( ! apply_filters( 'enable_live_network_counts', $is_small_network, 'sites' ) ) {
		return;
	}

	wp_update_network_site_counts( $network_id );
}

/**
 * Updates the network-wide users count.
 *
 * If enabled through the {@see 'enable_live_network_counts'} filter, update the users count
 * on a network when a user is created or its status is updated.
 *
 * @since 3.7.0
 * @since 4.8.0 The `$network_id` parameter has been added.
 *
 * @param int|null $network_id ID of the network. Default is the current network.
 */
function wp_maybe_update_network_user_counts( $network_id = null ) {
	$is_small_network = ! wp_is_large_network( 'users', $network_id );

	/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/ms-functions.php */
	if ( ! apply_filters( 'enable_live_network_counts', $is_small_network, 'users' ) ) {
		return;
	}

	wp_update_network_user_counts( $network_id );
}

/**
 * Updates the network-wide site count.
 *
 * @since 3.7.0
 * @since 4.8.0 The `$network_id` parameter has been added.
 *
 * @param int|null $network_id ID of the network. Default is the current network.
 */
function wp_update_network_site_counts( $network_id = null ) {
	$network_id = (int) $network_id;
	if ( ! $network_id ) {
		$network_id = get_current_network_id();
	}

	$count = get_sites(
		array(
			'network_id'             => $network_id,
			'spam'                   => 0,
			'deleted'                => 0,
			'archived'               => 0,
			'count'                  => true,
			'update_site_meta_cache' => false,
		)
	);

	update_network_option( $network_id, 'blog_count', $count );
}

/**
 * Updates the network-wide user count.
 *
 * @since 3.7.0
 * @since 4.8.0 The `$network_id` parameter has been added.
 * @since 6.0.0 This function is now a wrapper for wp_update_user_counts().
 *
 * @param int|null $network_id ID of the network. Default is the current network.
 */
function wp_update_network_user_counts( $network_id = null ) {
	wp_update_user_counts( $network_id );
}

/**
 * Returns the space used by the current site.
 *
 * @since 3.5.0
 *
 * @return int Used space in megabytes.
 */
function get_space_used() {
	/**
	 * Filters the amount of storage space used by the current site, in megabytes.
	 *
	 * @since 3.5.0
	 *
	 * @param int|false $space_used The amount of used space, in megabytes. Default false.
	 */
	$space_used = apply_filters( 'pre_get_space_used', false );

	if ( false === $space_used ) {
		$upload_dir = wp_upload_dir();
		$space_used = get_dirsize( $upload_dir['basedir'] ) / MB_IN_BYTES;
	}

	return $space_used;
}

/**
 * Returns the upload quota for the current blog.
 *
 * @since MU (3.0.0)
 *
 * @return int Quota in megabytes.
 */
function get_space_allowed() {
	$space_allowed = get_option( 'blog_upload_space' );

	if ( ! is_numeric( $space_allowed ) ) {
		$space_allowed = get_site_option( 'blog_upload_space' );
	}

	if ( ! is_numeric( $space_allowed ) ) {
		$space_allowed = 100;
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the upload quota for the current site.
	 *
	 * @since 3.7.0
	 *
	 * @param int $space_allowed Upload quota in megabytes for the current blog.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'get_space_allowed', $space_allowed );
}

/**
 * Determines if there is any upload space left in the current blog's quota.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @return int of upload space available in bytes.
 */
function get_upload_space_available() {
	$allowed = get_space_allowed();
	if ( $allowed < 0 ) {
		$allowed = 0;
	}
	$space_allowed = $allowed * MB_IN_BYTES;
	if ( get_site_option( 'upload_space_check_disabled' ) ) {
		return $space_allowed;
	}

	$space_used = get_space_used() * MB_IN_BYTES;

	if ( ( $space_allowed - $space_used ) <= 0 ) {
		return 0;
	}

	return $space_allowed - $space_used;
}

/**
 * Determines if there is any upload space left in the current blog's quota.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 * @return bool True if space is available, false otherwise.
 */
function is_upload_space_available() {
	if ( get_site_option( 'upload_space_check_disabled' ) ) {
		return true;
	}

	return (bool) get_upload_space_available();
}

/**
 * Filters the maximum upload file size allowed, in bytes.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @param int $size Upload size limit in bytes.
 * @return int Upload size limit in bytes.
 */
function upload_size_limit_filter( $size ) {
	$fileupload_maxk         = (int) get_site_option( 'fileupload_maxk', 1500 );
	$max_fileupload_in_bytes = KB_IN_BYTES * $fileupload_maxk;

	if ( get_site_option( 'upload_space_check_disabled' ) ) {
		return min( $size, $max_fileupload_in_bytes );
	}

	return min( $size, $max_fileupload_in_bytes, get_upload_space_available() );
}

/**
 * Determines whether or not we have a large network.
 *
 * The default criteria for a large network is either more than 10,000 users or more than 10,000 sites.
 * Plugins can alter this criteria using the {@see 'wp_is_large_network'} filter.
 *
 * @since 3.3.0
 * @since 4.8.0 The `$network_id` parameter has been added.
 *
 * @param string   $using      'sites' or 'users'. Default is 'sites'.
 * @param int|null $network_id ID of the network. Default is the current network.
 * @return bool True if the network meets the criteria for large. False otherwise.
 */
function wp_is_large_network( $using = 'sites', $network_id = null ) {
	$network_id = (int) $network_id;
	if ( ! $network_id ) {
		$network_id = get_current_network_id();
	}

	if ( 'users' === $using ) {
		$count = get_user_count( $network_id );

		$is_large_network = wp_is_large_user_count( $network_id );

		/**
		 * Filters whether the network is considered large.
		 *
		 * @since 3.3.0
		 * @since 4.8.0 The `$network_id` parameter has been added.
		 *
		 * @param bool   $is_large_network Whether the network has more than 10000 users or sites.
		 * @param string $component        The component to count. Accepts 'users', or 'sites'.
		 * @param int    $count            The count of items for the component.
		 * @param int    $network_id       The ID of the network being checked.
		 */
		return apply_filters( 'wp_is_large_network', $is_large_network, 'users', $count, $network_id );
	}

	$count = get_blog_count( $network_id );

	/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/ms-functions.php */
	return apply_filters( 'wp_is_large_network', $count > 10000, 'sites', $count, $network_id );
}

/**
 * Retrieves a list of reserved site on a sub-directory Multisite installation.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @return string[] Array of reserved names.
 */
function get_subdirectory_reserved_names() {
	$names = array(
		'page',
		'comments',
		'blog',
		'files',
		'feed',
		'wp-admin',
		'wp-content',
		'wp-includes',
		'wp-json',
		'embed',
	);

	/**
	 * Filters reserved site names on a sub-directory Multisite installation.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 * @since 4.4.0 'wp-admin', 'wp-content', 'wp-includes', 'wp-json', and 'embed' were added
	 *              to the reserved names list.
	 *
	 * @param string[] $subdirectory_reserved_names Array of reserved names.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'subdirectory_reserved_names', $names );
}

/**
 * Sends a confirmation request email when a change of network admin email address is attempted.
 *
 * The new network admin address will not become active until confirmed.
 *
 * @since 4.9.0
 *
 * @param string $old_value The old network admin email address.
 * @param string $value     The proposed new network admin email address.
 */
function update_network_option_new_admin_email( $old_value, $value ) {
	if ( get_site_option( 'admin_email' ) === $value || ! is_email( $value ) ) {
		return;
	}

	$hash            = md5( $value . time() . mt_rand() );
	$new_admin_email = array(
		'hash'     => $hash,
		'newemail' => $value,
	);
	update_site_option( 'network_admin_hash', $new_admin_email );

	$switched_locale = switch_to_user_locale( get_current_user_id() );

	/* translators: Do not translate USERNAME, ADMIN_URL, EMAIL, SITENAME, SITEURL: those are placeholders. */
	$email_text = __(
		'Howdy ###USERNAME###,

You recently requested to have the network admin email address on
your network changed.

If this is correct, please click on the following link to change it:
###ADMIN_URL###

You can safely ignore and delete this email if you do not want to
take this action.

This email has been sent to ###EMAIL###

Regards,
All at ###SITENAME###
###SITEURL###'
	);

	/**
	 * Filters the text of the email sent when a change of network admin email address is attempted.
	 *
	 * The following strings have a special meaning and will get replaced dynamically:
	 * ###USERNAME###  The current user's username.
	 * ###ADMIN_URL### The link to click on to confirm the email change.
	 * ###EMAIL###     The proposed new network admin email address.
	 * ###SITENAME###  The name of the network.
	 * ###SITEURL###   The URL to the network.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.0
	 *
	 * @param string $email_text      Text in the email.
	 * @param array  $new_admin_email {
	 *     Data relating to the new network admin email address.
	 *
	 *     @type string $hash     The secure hash used in the confirmation link URL.
	 *     @type string $newemail The proposed new network admin email address.
	 * }
	 */
	$content = apply_filters( 'new_network_admin_email_content', $email_text, $new_admin_email );

	$current_user = wp_get_current_user();
	$content      = str_replace( '###USERNAME###', $current_user->user_login, $content );
	$content      = str_replace( '###ADMIN_URL###', esc_url( network_admin_url( 'settings.php?network_admin_hash=' . $hash ) ), $content );
	$content      = str_replace( '###EMAIL###', $value, $content );
	$content      = str_replace( '###SITENAME###', wp_specialchars_decode( get_site_option( 'site_name' ), ENT_QUOTES ), $content );
	$content      = str_replace( '###SITEURL###', network_home_url(), $content );

	wp_mail(
		$value,
		sprintf(
			/* translators: Email change notification email subject. %s: Network title. */
			__( '[%s] Network Admin Email Change Request' ),
			wp_specialchars_decode( get_site_option( 'site_name' ), ENT_QUOTES )
		),
		$content
	);

	if ( $switched_locale ) {
		restore_previous_locale();
	}
}

/**
 * Sends an email to the old network admin email address when the network admin email address changes.
 *
 * @since 4.9.0
 *
 * @param string $option_name The relevant database option name.
 * @param string $new_email   The new network admin email address.
 * @param string $old_email   The old network admin email address.
 * @param int    $network_id  ID of the network.
 */
function wp_network_admin_email_change_notification( $option_name, $new_email, $old_email, $network_id ) {
	$send = true;

	// Don't send the notification to the default 'admin_email' value.
	if ( '[email protected]' === $old_email ) {
		$send = false;
	}

	/**
	 * Filters whether to send the network admin email change notification email.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.0
	 *
	 * @param bool   $send       Whether to send the email notification.
	 * @param string $old_email  The old network admin email address.
	 * @param string $new_email  The new network admin email address.
	 * @param int    $network_id ID of the network.
	 */
	$send = apply_filters( 'send_network_admin_email_change_email', $send, $old_email, $new_email, $network_id );

	if ( ! $send ) {
		return;
	}

	/* translators: Do not translate OLD_EMAIL, NEW_EMAIL, SITENAME, SITEURL: those are placeholders. */
	$email_change_text = __(
		'Hi,

This notice confirms that the network admin email address was changed on ###SITENAME###.

The new network admin email address is ###NEW_EMAIL###.

This email has been sent to ###OLD_EMAIL###

Regards,
All at ###SITENAME###
###SITEURL###'
	);

	$email_change_email = array(
		'to'      => $old_email,
		/* translators: Network admin email change notification email subject. %s: Network title. */
		'subject' => __( '[%s] Network Admin Email Changed' ),
		'message' => $email_change_text,
		'headers' => '',
	);
	// Get network name.
	$network_name = wp_specialchars_decode( get_site_option( 'site_name' ), ENT_QUOTES );

	/**
	 * Filters the contents of the email notification sent when the network admin email address is changed.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.0
	 *
	 * @param array $email_change_email {
	 *     Used to build wp_mail().
	 *
	 *     @type string $to      The intended recipient.
	 *     @type string $subject The subject of the email.
	 *     @type string $message The content of the email.
	 *         The following strings have a special meaning and will get replaced dynamically:
	 *         - ###OLD_EMAIL### The old network admin email address.
	 *         - ###NEW_EMAIL### The new network admin email address.
	 *         - ###SITENAME###  The name of the network.
	 *         - ###SITEURL###   The URL to the site.
	 *     @type string $headers Headers.
	 * }
	 * @param string $old_email  The old network admin email address.
	 * @param string $new_email  The new network admin email address.
	 * @param int    $network_id ID of the network.
	 */
	$email_change_email = apply_filters( 'network_admin_email_change_email', $email_change_email, $old_email, $new_email, $network_id );

	$email_change_email['message'] = str_replace( '###OLD_EMAIL###', $old_email, $email_change_email['message'] );
	$email_change_email['message'] = str_replace( '###NEW_EMAIL###', $new_email, $email_change_email['message'] );
	$email_change_email['message'] = str_replace( '###SITENAME###', $network_name, $email_change_email['message'] );
	$email_change_email['message'] = str_replace( '###SITEURL###', home_url(), $email_change_email['message'] );

	wp_mail(
		$email_change_email['to'],
		sprintf(
			$email_change_email['subject'],
			$network_name
		),
		$email_change_email['message'],
		$email_change_email['headers']
	);
}
How To Start Out An Online Online Casino: Costs, Licenses, Games And More
BDM Cricket India

How To Start Out An Online Online Casino: Costs, Licenses, Games And More

BDM June 26, 2025 Betting for all Leave a comment 35 Views

What Are Usually The Best Way To Make Money At The Casino?

These businesses are not really exercises in charitable organisation – rather, they sell players the possibility to win greater prizes for money they are willing to bet. If you go to a land-based on line casino, you need to place the bet so as to play. Namely, a large number of web sites are offering free play sessions for most popular game titles. No one wants to be called a quitter, but there are times when you will be playing casino video games whenever you simply have got to stop. The only reason exactly why experienced players recommend this is actually the fact that you have a lot more than your pride to lose here – you can lose all your current money.

  • Do an individual play casino game titles on an everyday basis for even more than a few hours?
  • Obviously, the online casino you’ve selected has a great influence on your achievement as a player as well.
  • In many casino sites, a person can start along with the demo editions of these on line casino games to know gaming concepts prior to making usage of your current real money.
  • There are not different setups showing how an online casino could be operated.
  • There is a built-in random number generator algorithm within each casino game.

There’s a pre-determined Return To Player figure, which can either be arranged by the software creator or the casino alone. CasinoWizard’s life quest is always to seek away trustworthy online gambling dens that offer on-line slots in the particular highest RTP setups. Well, while it’s believed to become the particular biggest market with regard to online casinos immediately, you need a separate license each state that approves on-line casino gambling. This is one regarding the main reasons why online casinos are less eager on players making minimum deposits and withdrawals all the particular time. Keep inside mind that most online casinos offer the same games, so there are few variables that distinguish them from your rest.

#5 Find A Reliable Advancement Team That May Turn Your Eyesight Into Reality

Whilst revenues from video games are guaranteed, what do casinos carry out to maximise their own earnings? To achieve success in the lengthy run, an on-line casino always requires to get fresh customers, ensure of which those customers are playing frequently and are delighted and stay set.” “[newline]Every online casino’s objective is the same — people pay to play a broad range of casino games. Every game is based on luck, and players invest a specific amount pounds and hope to be able to win more. Beyond general marketing techniques and commission-seeking, online casinos will likewise host games that have specific Return to Player (RTP) proportions mostbet login.

  • But become aware also in case there is a new maximum limit for withdrawing funds.
  • The bottom line is the fact players won’t go to your new internet site on its own, but a person need to be known as if you’re not seen; a person don’t exist.
  • These businesses are not exercises in charitable organisation – rather, that they sell players the opportunity to win bigger prizes for cash they are willing to bet.
  • This way, you could be able to develop your app without having a gambling license.
  • All in our content is written by ourselves and we are very pleased to be AI-proof.
  • This approach, you will possess a general idea of your accessible funds and you will be capable to place reasonable wagers that correspond in order to your bankroll.

These casinos eliminate the long withdrawal, registration in addition to deposit processes and let players to quickly start playing. Most of these casinos have teamed upward with Trustly, the fintech giant, which created a mechanism for players to bypass the normal processes. Therefore, to enjoy the maximum income and high go back on investments obtainable on this sort of business, a person must also become ready to pay for typically the required sacrifices. An RTP above this is well known as very generous – and many sport developers offer slot machines on which casinos may set RTPs over a sliding scale.

How Does An Online Casino Operate?

Though most casino video games are easy to understand, most of them take some time to master. So, as a gambler aiming to make money regularly, you must cautiously understand the regulations as well as how to play the particular games well. The very first thing that a person need to realize if you need to make money from an on-line casino, is that you need an advantage.

  • The greatest goal of each player is always to understand how to efficiently get paid from on-line casino bonuses.
  • This may help you save on costs and time while still enabling you to tailor your product.
  • In addition to the open elements, system must offer APIs so that it is possible to define extensions.
  • To deal with these jobs, you will need a devoted employee who runs these requirements plus ensures that almost all regulations are implemented correctly.
  • In the long run, all players will shed 5% of these cash to the on line casino which pays champions 95% as cashback.

Otherwise, it will probably be” “a costly mistake and an obstacle to getting to a profitable business. In this article, all of us will take you on a quest where we provide you insights directly into how to start and function an internet casino. So, you already been having several thoughts of beginning your own online casino, or maybe you might be just curious about how it just about all works.

How To Make Money Online: 8 Work-from-home Jobs To Choose From

You could also try setting oneself a time limit for gaming online. Aside coming from winning big on games, do an individual know how in order to make money from the casino? If you’re a normal gambler playing with big sums, an individual might be entitled to extra additional bonuses or cash mostbet app.

  • Blackjack is one of the world’s most favored casino games and one of the most profitable for players.
  • The registration process is smooth, and gamers usually don’t need to send a number of documents to be able to prove their personal or incomes, as is the situation in most regulated markets.
  • Games where it’s Player vs. Gamer will often possess an entrance payment.
  • Keep in mind that most online casinos offer you the same games, so there are very few variables that distinguish them from your rest.

This way, you might be able to build your app without having a gambling certificate. Nevertheless, your software must meet the other legal needs mentioned earlier. You should also consider cryptocurrency as the entire online online casino industry is relocating to this field as well. You’ll also need to offer several rewarding bonuses and promotions, especially within the early days and nights, so that you can quickly appeal to high quantities of players.

How To Gain From Casino Bonus Deals With Online Slots

It is obviously recommended to conduct proper research before choosing online casinos or applications, whether you are a beginner or an experienced casino player. Reading reviews submitted by other users can be a helpful way to gain more information in regards to a site. These reviews may provide valuable ideas from people that have already had some experience with the site. Slot devices are one regarding the most fun-packed games in the particular great casinos.

This article provides a step-by-step guide to help an individual navigate setting up your online online casino. It includes specified information, from buying the necessary licenses and” “licences to choosing typically the right software and payment processing remedies. Reading site testimonials before trusting it with your cash is also a new good idea. Furthermore, the casino’s style and navigation should be clear and user-friendly, particularly if these people market themselves since the best and most trustworthy in the commercial. It’s also essential to know the least and maximum wagering limits and to be able to inquire using the specialized support team about the maximum payout for large winnings.

Choosing Plus Playing Games

For example, the particular RTP of a new slot game may dictate how very much money it provides to players above the course of its lifetime (often several years). This means that the casino would not respect the break-even rule to be able to allow players in order to earn their full amount. In the particular long run, all players will drop 5% of these money to the online casino which pays winners 95% as procuring. Although this house edge appears to be able to be small , and the cumulative amount is usually massive, thinking about the hefty wagers that each players exchange within the high stakes casinos. Online gambling has turn out to be legal across the handful of declares over the last decade, while online sports betting made a much greater push across typically the country.

  • You’ll range from the amount of your earnings when you record your” “tax return for the year rather than at the casino when you claim them.
  • They are typically recommended to even more advanced business owners who wish to have more say within the small things.
  • How to make money in casino is a frequent query these days of course, if you are seeking for an response to this query look no even more.
  • With Player versus. Casino, the casino will use a specific RTP, which is usually programmed into the particular game.
  • Don’t get sucked into becoming superstitious because there’s simply no way to control a game’s outcome.
  • Today, some casinos function over 1, 500 slot games, and many game companies still publish new titles every year.

With” “the change, emerging on-line gaming companies for example DraftKings and incumbent casinos’ online procedures give them even more ways to get to the betting public as opposed to the way ever before. The reasons why it will be so important to get familiar together with these factors is usually that thanks to them, you will be able to be able to determine the most beneficial game for an individual. Generally speaking, typically the higher the home edge, the lower the probabilities are to win the sport.

Tips In Order To Have Got Fun Playing Online Baccarat

Obviously, you should never play with money you have to pay your bills or perhaps cover your daily demands. As this stating goes – have fun with money that you could afford to shed. Don’t forget that will online casinos are usually available 24/7 in addition to there’s do not need be in a be quick when visiting these internet sites. First and primarily, you should understand that not all casino games have similar odds. As the matter of truth, many of them have very much better odds as compared to others. For example, online slot games have some from the worst odds you will find in this business.

  • If an individual check out a land-based casino, you have to place the bet to be able to perform.
  • These games are not really only fun to play but are usually also extremely exciting.
  • This is just what brings the enjoyment, excitement, and high quality gaming for your on-line casino.
  • Make certain to supply the most popular banking methods so players can quickly deposit and take away from the casino.

There are many casino game titles like slot game titles, roulette, and keno where you can find amazing jackpots. In some cases, these jackpots will be worth hundreds regarding thousands of bucks. But, if an individual are thinking about obtaining a way in order to win a jackpot feature like this, you may realize that you will realize that the particular odds of succeeding are extremely minimal. This means that will you don’t possess to invest any of your funds to try out a video game there. Obviously, this specific also means of which you won’t be able to earn money, but you should understand this as a new way to generate money in on the internet casinos over time.

Web Development

But what’s known for sure is that each of these people has specific units of rules. So, before you commence playing on a new casino site, make sure that you understand the fundamentals of the sport you are looking at. It would be even better if you spend several time reading guides that can aid master that game. One of the particular things that create casino sites thus exciting and popular is that an individual can get entry to hundreds of games. On the some other hand, there” “are some casino games with excellent odds.

  • Gambling will be unpredictable, and one must realize that it is not wise to invest their finances at risk as there is constantly an opportunity of losing.
  • Despite RTPs becoming seemingly balanced in the direction of the gamer, these statistics indicate that there will always become an assurance of come back to a casino.
  • The least difficult and quickest technique is the White Label solution, and it takes around a couple of to three months.
  • With that at heart, I wanted to offer you an in depth review of the actions take to start an online casino.
  • If functioning in order to” “live casinos, they obtain profit from game titles while there is no randomly number generator.

You won’t become able to any casino without repayment processors, so you’ll have to help to make” “deals with reputable payment companies. Now that I’ve covered most of the important things about starting and working an online casino let’s take a quick look at the actions you need to take to open it yourself. Many regulatory bodies within the world offer licenses to internet casinos and other gambling websites. Despite RTPs becoming seemingly balanced towards the ball player, these figures indicate that presently there will always become guaranteed of go back to a casino. Players can also keep on to expect completely random gameplay – for example, a great RTP of 97% isn’t an assurance that they will certainly lose just 3% of times. How to be able to make money at casino is a frequent issue these days and if you are seeking for an solution to this query look no even more.

Online Casino Benefits Over The Players

ECOGRA may be the online playing industry’s independent limiter and they evaluate online casinos to be sure they’re secure regarding players. If you would like” “for making money with on the internet casinos, you have got to take some time to be able to prepare and learn each of the subtleties in the industry. For instance, you need to know which game titles are beneficial in addition to which ones don’t have decent probabilities. In addition, you have to possess virtues such as patience and discipline as they play a crucial role inside this process.

  • Last but not minimum, many gambling specialists advise that the best way to make money with on the internet casinos is in order to aim at making small, achievable income rather than colossal amounts.
  • Most of the particular casinos have an on line casino VIP program that is used to be able to rank players of which are entitled to this reward.
  • First of all, there’s blackjack, a card game with typical odds that move below 1%.
  • We’ll cover several matters, including considering particular game strategies, money management tips, and how to maximize bonuses for a new rewarding gaming encounter.

We all know of which online casinos make a fortune, as the latest estimates recommend that the online gambling market is usually worth a staggering $66. 7 billion. Having a strategy get is just as essential as” “using a strategy for your moves when applicable. What is even more, without a dependable plan for your own bankroll, you will be bound to lose all of your own winnings.

How We Make Money

And as we keep mentioning, you need a solid partner that knows how to design and develop a quality casino software. It is crucial to keep in mind that creating a dedicated on line casino app will require a larger budget compared to building an MVP. But if” “you could have the resources, the dedicated app may be a fantastic way to ensure your product is top-notch. Your casino application needs to become able to stand out in a sea of competition.

  • However, the casinos bank on some gamers being reckless since it’s another method for them to ensure they win more as compared to those players.
  • To successfully acquire new players, you’ll want to be able to use targeted text messages.
  • Make sure to usually look at the minimum bet limit a particular game has as this is the total amount that you will be required to spot every time inside order to remain in the game.
  • With prototypes of your slots, we can quickly show you how your online casino will look and feel.

CasinoWizard comes with an expert team of 4 slots- and internet casino enthusiasts with more than 50 combined a lot of experience. Yes, not only does the old shield dominate the on-line casino landscape, but some new traders have made a great impact, too. Isn´t it enough in order to provide players with the most known payment strategies like VISA, Master card, and Bank transactions?

Avoid Sketchy Sites

Analytics Insight® is an influential platform dedicated to information, trends, and opinion from the globe of data-driven technologies. It monitors innovations, recognition, and achievements made by Synthetic Intelligence, Big Data and Analytics companies across the globe. Analytics Insight will be an influential system dedicated to information, trends, and views from your world of data-driven technologies. The options are increasing, but a good way to employ them is to be able to gamble online. Do your quest and possess a proper technique plan ready regarding what markets you would like to target and exactly why.” “[newline]Latin America is increasing, but again, you need some being familiar with of those marketplaces and correctly translated content. One sure way to are unsuccessful is to use poorly converted content, so pay out attention to them.

  • These events often require an entry fee but allow gamers to win money by gambling.
  • There are numerous ways you can leverage your online casino to help to make money.
  • But it offers the advantage of being higher than a cashable added bonus (hence a larger playing bankroll) even though also the gambling requirements will end up being higher.
  • Winnings that exceed either $600 or 300 times your initial wager must be reported in a horse racing track.

Are used to entice participants to keep placing bets because they will are offered if you reload your account. Loyalty bonuses will be rewards for players that have advanced in levels because associated with long term engagement with the on line casino. Most of the casinos possess a casino VIP program of which is used to be able to rank players that are eligible for this reward. Casino” “procuring bonuses involve the refunds you obtain whenever you register a streak of loss. How to make money from on-line casino bonuses is now a common training within the gaming world.

Do Internet Casinos Report Gambling Revenue To The Internal Revenue Service?

The right and scalable platform plays a role of a skeleton for your business and determines how easy it is to develop and grow your casino app. With prototypes of your slot machines, we can quickly demonstrate how your online casino will look and feel. We can also help you with the more technical aspects, such as setting up a payment gateway and choosing the right hosting solution.

  • You need to provide players a cause to choose your on the internet casino instead of a competitor next time they wish to play.
  • You can perform live commentary, communicate with the talk functionality, or create banter between gamers (if applicable).
  • This is the hard reality, and you need to realize what you are usually getting into before investing time in addition to money into releasing your own casinos.

You must furthermore integrate the necessary features like repayment systems and user accounts management. The point is the fact when you run your own personal online casino, a person decide if you permit players spin together with the best odds or with RTPs that increase your current chances of creating a profitable business. The most popular on line casino games are slots, poker, blackjack, and roulette. Online casino business is a profitable business that is desirable to learn by interested business-minded individuals regardless of their previous experience. The enterprise has” “turned into one of the leading internet businesses in the world today that provides maximum profit over a relatively quick period of period.

Find And Safe Popular Payment Methods

Players can easily still hit huge wins when enjoying on lower RTP versions, but their particular balances will dry up faster as compared to when playing around the best-paying options. Most players have zero idea that these alternatives even exist and automatically imagine they always play on typically the best-paying version any time in reality the contrary might be real. Make sure of which whoever does these kinds of negotiations to suit your needs provides previous experience of how these deals should be made in addition to knowledge about typically the going rates.

  • To achieve success at internet marketer marketing, choosing reliable and trustworthy on-line casinos with good alteration rates is important.
  • Pay N Play casinos gather the players’ banking details via Trustly therefore that players can skip right in order to the deposit.
  • This number, of program, translates into over 90% of individuals who lose big time in the particular gambling industry.
  • Another good advice related to casino game titles and learning these kinds of games is to be able to play 1 or 2 various types of video games at once.

The house edge is the expression which describes typically the built-in advantage regarding the casino or in other phrases, the proportion of almost all wagered money that you are anticipated to get involved typically the long term. To achieve success at internet marketer marketing, choosing trustworthy and trustworthy on the internet casinos with high transformation rates is important. To attract prospective players, you may create content such as reviews, guides, or even comparisons on the web site or social networking stations. For instance, a person can create a list of top websites and gives users to play with a 5 dollar deposit casino or even other low-deposit websites. Live casino video games are completely diverse ball games in addition to work by using a residence edge. They assure profits to the on-line casino in the long run, although.

Sign In To Read The Full Article”

Having a new” “casino with real retailers and live video clip streaming features will be fundamental for your own business. SoftGamings may offer any sport beyond this listing, guaranteed to become the great source associated with entertainment. While that is true of which it is possible to make money with online casinos, an individual should always view gambling mainly being a source of amusement. Bear in brain that all on line casino games have the built-in advantage which often will eventually trigger you to shed money. Therefore, that is best to be able to simply benefit from the casino game which you have chosen in addition to make the just about all of your time online. If you play skill-based games and possess a money administration strategy, you could have enjoyment and at typically the same time, make money.

  • Stick to game titles where your ability can give an individual an advantage on the casino – make use of our best strategy with regard to roulette guide in roulette such as.
  • Ok, so an individual decided to possibly look into creating your own platform or go for the package alternative where you get almost all of the time consuming elements served over a silver platter.
  • In the end, be aware that it will most likely take you mainly because many as two years to break even.
  • Now that I’ve covered most regarding the essential things about starting and working an online casino let’s take a quick look at the methods you need to take to open up it yourself.
  • Today, the best payment methods inside casinos are e-wallets and cryptocurrency.

There are shared benefits to delightful offers and continuous promotions that players come across frequently at online casinos. For example, the casino offering a no-deposit bonus will give a new gamer the opportunity to try the game free of charge without risk. For typically the casino, there’s a new chance that said player will determine to join plus play more games, this time with real money. Another important factor to think about when choosing an internet casino is the number of available video games. The more video games a website offers, typically the more appealing it is to customers, and a wide assortment of games often indicates high site visitors levels.

Cryptos Set In Order To Explode Before The Bitcoin Halving Based To Chatgpt: Cardano (ada), Everlodge (eldg), Tron (trx)

The more gamers you might have and the more money they invest, the additional the casino will earn. That’s since although the games” “are based on luck, in the grand scheme regarding things, the online casino will always make more than it manages to lose. The gambling online business is rising, plus more and additional players are becoming a member of it, so there’s always space for a new businessperson to enter typically the fold. Do you play casino games on a daily basis for more than a few hours? If the answers to be able to these questions will be affirmative, then probably it’s time to stop to check out assist.

However, given that you get amused by playing a casino game, presently there are only 2 possible outcomes – to either succeed or lose. Therefore, the inevitable query whether or not necessarily it is possible to building income with on-line casinos arises. Another thing that comes to mind is usually whether some online casino games truly offer better odds.

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