Current File : //lib64/python2.7/smtplib.py
#! /usr/bin/env python

'''SMTP/ESMTP client class.

This should follow RFC 821 (SMTP), RFC 1869 (ESMTP), RFC 2554 (SMTP
Authentication) and RFC 2487 (Secure SMTP over TLS).

Notes:

Please remember, when doing ESMTP, that the names of the SMTP service
extensions are NOT the same thing as the option keywords for the RCPT
and MAIL commands!

Example:

  >>> import smtplib
  >>> s=smtplib.SMTP("localhost")
  >>> print s.help()
  This is Sendmail version 8.8.4
  Topics:
      HELO    EHLO    MAIL    RCPT    DATA
      RSET    NOOP    QUIT    HELP    VRFY
      EXPN    VERB    ETRN    DSN
  For more info use "HELP <topic>".
  To report bugs in the implementation send email to
      [email protected].
  For local information send email to Postmaster at your site.
  End of HELP info
  >>> s.putcmd("vrfy","someone@here")
  >>> s.getreply()
  (250, "Somebody OverHere <[email protected]>")
  >>> s.quit()
'''

# Author: The Dragon De Monsyne <[email protected]>
# ESMTP support, test code and doc fixes added by
#     Eric S. Raymond <[email protected]>
# Better RFC 821 compliance (MAIL and RCPT, and CRLF in data)
#     by Carey Evans <[email protected]>, for picky mail servers.
# RFC 2554 (authentication) support by Gerhard Haering <[email protected]>.
#
# This was modified from the Python 1.5 library HTTP lib.

import socket
import re
import email.utils
import base64
import hmac
from email.base64mime import encode as encode_base64
from sys import stderr

__all__ = ["SMTPException", "SMTPServerDisconnected", "SMTPResponseException",
           "SMTPSenderRefused", "SMTPRecipientsRefused", "SMTPDataError",
           "SMTPConnectError", "SMTPHeloError", "SMTPAuthenticationError",
           "quoteaddr", "quotedata", "SMTP"]

SMTP_PORT = 25
SMTP_SSL_PORT = 465
CRLF = "\r\n"
_MAXLINE = 8192 # more than 8 times larger than RFC 821, 4.5.3

OLDSTYLE_AUTH = re.compile(r"auth=(.*)", re.I)


# Exception classes used by this module.
class SMTPException(Exception):
    """Base class for all exceptions raised by this module."""

class SMTPServerDisconnected(SMTPException):
    """Not connected to any SMTP server.

    This exception is raised when the server unexpectedly disconnects,
    or when an attempt is made to use the SMTP instance before
    connecting it to a server.
    """

class SMTPResponseException(SMTPException):
    """Base class for all exceptions that include an SMTP error code.

    These exceptions are generated in some instances when the SMTP
    server returns an error code.  The error code is stored in the
    `smtp_code' attribute of the error, and the `smtp_error' attribute
    is set to the error message.
    """

    def __init__(self, code, msg):
        self.smtp_code = code
        self.smtp_error = msg
        self.args = (code, msg)

class SMTPSenderRefused(SMTPResponseException):
    """Sender address refused.

    In addition to the attributes set by on all SMTPResponseException
    exceptions, this sets `sender' to the string that the SMTP refused.
    """

    def __init__(self, code, msg, sender):
        self.smtp_code = code
        self.smtp_error = msg
        self.sender = sender
        self.args = (code, msg, sender)

class SMTPRecipientsRefused(SMTPException):
    """All recipient addresses refused.

    The errors for each recipient are accessible through the attribute
    'recipients', which is a dictionary of exactly the same sort as
    SMTP.sendmail() returns.
    """

    def __init__(self, recipients):
        self.recipients = recipients
        self.args = (recipients,)


class SMTPDataError(SMTPResponseException):
    """The SMTP server didn't accept the data."""

class SMTPConnectError(SMTPResponseException):
    """Error during connection establishment."""

class SMTPHeloError(SMTPResponseException):
    """The server refused our HELO reply."""

class SMTPAuthenticationError(SMTPResponseException):
    """Authentication error.

    Most probably the server didn't accept the username/password
    combination provided.
    """


def quoteaddr(addr):
    """Quote a subset of the email addresses defined by RFC 821.

    Should be able to handle anything rfc822.parseaddr can handle.
    """
    m = (None, None)
    try:
        m = email.utils.parseaddr(addr)[1]
    except AttributeError:
        pass
    if m == (None, None):  # Indicates parse failure or AttributeError
        # something weird here.. punt -ddm
        return "<%s>" % addr
    elif m is None:
        # the sender wants an empty return address
        return "<>"
    else:
        return "<%s>" % m

def _addr_only(addrstring):
    displayname, addr = email.utils.parseaddr(addrstring)
    if (displayname, addr) == ('', ''):
        # parseaddr couldn't parse it, so use it as is.
        return addrstring
    return addr

def quotedata(data):
    """Quote data for email.

    Double leading '.', and change Unix newline '\\n', or Mac '\\r' into
    Internet CRLF end-of-line.
    """
    return re.sub(r'(?m)^\.', '..',
        re.sub(r'(?:\r\n|\n|\r(?!\n))', CRLF, data))


try:
    import ssl
except ImportError:
    _have_ssl = False
else:
    class SSLFakeFile:
        """A fake file like object that really wraps a SSLObject.

        It only supports what is needed in smtplib.
        """
        def __init__(self, sslobj):
            self.sslobj = sslobj

        def readline(self, size=-1):
            if size < 0:
                size = None
            str = ""
            chr = None
            while chr != "\n":
                if size is not None and len(str) >= size:
                    break
                chr = self.sslobj.read(1)
                if not chr:
                    break
                str += chr
            return str

        def close(self):
            pass

    _have_ssl = True

class SMTP:
    """This class manages a connection to an SMTP or ESMTP server.
    SMTP Objects:
        SMTP objects have the following attributes:
            helo_resp
                This is the message given by the server in response to the
                most recent HELO command.

            ehlo_resp
                This is the message given by the server in response to the
                most recent EHLO command. This is usually multiline.

            does_esmtp
                This is a True value _after you do an EHLO command_, if the
                server supports ESMTP.

            esmtp_features
                This is a dictionary, which, if the server supports ESMTP,
                will _after you do an EHLO command_, contain the names of the
                SMTP service extensions this server supports, and their
                parameters (if any).

                Note, all extension names are mapped to lower case in the
                dictionary.

        See each method's docstrings for details.  In general, there is a
        method of the same name to perform each SMTP command.  There is also a
        method called 'sendmail' that will do an entire mail transaction.
        """
    debuglevel = 0
    file = None
    helo_resp = None
    ehlo_msg = "ehlo"
    ehlo_resp = None
    does_esmtp = 0
    default_port = SMTP_PORT

    def __init__(self, host='', port=0, local_hostname=None,
                 timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT):
        """Initialize a new instance.

        If specified, `host' is the name of the remote host to which to
        connect.  If specified, `port' specifies the port to which to connect.
        By default, smtplib.SMTP_PORT is used.  If a host is specified the
        connect method is called, and if it returns anything other than
        a success code an SMTPConnectError is raised.  If specified,
        `local_hostname` is used as the FQDN of the local host.  By default,
        the local hostname is found using socket.getfqdn().

        """
        self.timeout = timeout
        self.esmtp_features = {}
        if host:
            (code, msg) = self.connect(host, port)
            if code != 220:
                raise SMTPConnectError(code, msg)
        if local_hostname is not None:
            self.local_hostname = local_hostname
        else:
            # RFC 2821 says we should use the fqdn in the EHLO/HELO verb, and
            # if that can't be calculated, that we should use a domain literal
            # instead (essentially an encoded IP address like [A.B.C.D]).
            fqdn = socket.getfqdn()
            if '.' in fqdn:
                self.local_hostname = fqdn
            else:
                # We can't find an fqdn hostname, so use a domain literal
                addr = '127.0.0.1'
                try:
                    addr = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
                except socket.gaierror:
                    pass
                self.local_hostname = '[%s]' % addr

    def set_debuglevel(self, debuglevel):
        """Set the debug output level.

        A non-false value results in debug messages for connection and for all
        messages sent to and received from the server.

        """
        self.debuglevel = debuglevel

    def _get_socket(self, host, port, timeout):
        # This makes it simpler for SMTP_SSL to use the SMTP connect code
        # and just alter the socket connection bit.
        if self.debuglevel > 0:
            print>>stderr, 'connect:', (host, port)
        return socket.create_connection((host, port), timeout)

    def connect(self, host='localhost', port=0):
        """Connect to a host on a given port.

        If the hostname ends with a colon (`:') followed by a number, and
        there is no port specified, that suffix will be stripped off and the
        number interpreted as the port number to use.

        Note: This method is automatically invoked by __init__, if a host is
        specified during instantiation.

        """
        if not port and (host.find(':') == host.rfind(':')):
            i = host.rfind(':')
            if i >= 0:
                host, port = host[:i], host[i + 1:]
                try:
                    port = int(port)
                except ValueError:
                    raise socket.error, "nonnumeric port"
        if not port:
            port = self.default_port
        if self.debuglevel > 0:
            print>>stderr, 'connect:', (host, port)
        self.sock = self._get_socket(host, port, self.timeout)
        (code, msg) = self.getreply()
        if self.debuglevel > 0:
            print>>stderr, "connect:", msg
        return (code, msg)

    def send(self, str):
        """Send `str' to the server."""
        if self.debuglevel > 0:
            print>>stderr, 'send:', repr(str)
        if hasattr(self, 'sock') and self.sock:
            try:
                self.sock.sendall(str)
            except socket.error:
                self.close()
                raise SMTPServerDisconnected('Server not connected')
        else:
            raise SMTPServerDisconnected('please run connect() first')

    def putcmd(self, cmd, args=""):
        """Send a command to the server."""
        if args == "":
            str = '%s%s' % (cmd, CRLF)
        else:
            str = '%s %s%s' % (cmd, args, CRLF)
        self.send(str)

    def getreply(self):
        """Get a reply from the server.

        Returns a tuple consisting of:

          - server response code (e.g. '250', or such, if all goes well)
            Note: returns -1 if it can't read response code.

          - server response string corresponding to response code (multiline
            responses are converted to a single, multiline string).

        Raises SMTPServerDisconnected if end-of-file is reached.
        """
        resp = []
        if self.file is None:
            self.file = self.sock.makefile('rb')
        while 1:
            try:
                line = self.file.readline(_MAXLINE + 1)
            except socket.error as e:
                self.close()
                raise SMTPServerDisconnected("Connection unexpectedly closed: "
                                             + str(e))
            if line == '':
                self.close()
                raise SMTPServerDisconnected("Connection unexpectedly closed")
            if self.debuglevel > 0:
                print>>stderr, 'reply:', repr(line)
            if len(line) > _MAXLINE:
                raise SMTPResponseException(500, "Line too long.")
            resp.append(line[4:].strip())
            code = line[:3]
            # Check that the error code is syntactically correct.
            # Don't attempt to read a continuation line if it is broken.
            try:
                errcode = int(code)
            except ValueError:
                errcode = -1
                break
            # Check if multiline response.
            if line[3:4] != "-":
                break

        errmsg = "\n".join(resp)
        if self.debuglevel > 0:
            print>>stderr, 'reply: retcode (%s); Msg: %s' % (errcode, errmsg)
        return errcode, errmsg

    def docmd(self, cmd, args=""):
        """Send a command, and return its response code."""
        self.putcmd(cmd, args)
        return self.getreply()

    # std smtp commands
    def helo(self, name=''):
        """SMTP 'helo' command.
        Hostname to send for this command defaults to the FQDN of the local
        host.
        """
        self.putcmd("helo", name or self.local_hostname)
        (code, msg) = self.getreply()
        self.helo_resp = msg
        return (code, msg)

    def ehlo(self, name=''):
        """ SMTP 'ehlo' command.
        Hostname to send for this command defaults to the FQDN of the local
        host.
        """
        self.esmtp_features = {}
        self.putcmd(self.ehlo_msg, name or self.local_hostname)
        (code, msg) = self.getreply()
        # According to RFC1869 some (badly written)
        # MTA's will disconnect on an ehlo. Toss an exception if
        # that happens -ddm
        if code == -1 and len(msg) == 0:
            self.close()
            raise SMTPServerDisconnected("Server not connected")
        self.ehlo_resp = msg
        if code != 250:
            return (code, msg)
        self.does_esmtp = 1
        #parse the ehlo response -ddm
        resp = self.ehlo_resp.split('\n')
        del resp[0]
        for each in resp:
            # To be able to communicate with as many SMTP servers as possible,
            # we have to take the old-style auth advertisement into account,
            # because:
            # 1) Else our SMTP feature parser gets confused.
            # 2) There are some servers that only advertise the auth methods we
            #    support using the old style.
            auth_match = OLDSTYLE_AUTH.match(each)
            if auth_match:
                # This doesn't remove duplicates, but that's no problem
                self.esmtp_features["auth"] = self.esmtp_features.get("auth", "") \
                        + " " + auth_match.groups(0)[0]
                continue

            # RFC 1869 requires a space between ehlo keyword and parameters.
            # It's actually stricter, in that only spaces are allowed between
            # parameters, but were not going to check for that here.  Note
            # that the space isn't present if there are no parameters.
            m = re.match(r'(?P<feature>[A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9\-]*) ?', each)
            if m:
                feature = m.group("feature").lower()
                params = m.string[m.end("feature"):].strip()
                if feature == "auth":
                    self.esmtp_features[feature] = self.esmtp_features.get(feature, "") \
                            + " " + params
                else:
                    self.esmtp_features[feature] = params
        return (code, msg)

    def has_extn(self, opt):
        """Does the server support a given SMTP service extension?"""
        return opt.lower() in self.esmtp_features

    def help(self, args=''):
        """SMTP 'help' command.
        Returns help text from server."""
        self.putcmd("help", args)
        return self.getreply()[1]

    def rset(self):
        """SMTP 'rset' command -- resets session."""
        return self.docmd("rset")

    def noop(self):
        """SMTP 'noop' command -- doesn't do anything :>"""
        return self.docmd("noop")

    def mail(self, sender, options=[]):
        """SMTP 'mail' command -- begins mail xfer session."""
        optionlist = ''
        if options and self.does_esmtp:
            optionlist = ' ' + ' '.join(options)
        self.putcmd("mail", "FROM:%s%s" % (quoteaddr(sender), optionlist))
        return self.getreply()

    def rcpt(self, recip, options=[]):
        """SMTP 'rcpt' command -- indicates 1 recipient for this mail."""
        optionlist = ''
        if options and self.does_esmtp:
            optionlist = ' ' + ' '.join(options)
        self.putcmd("rcpt", "TO:%s%s" % (quoteaddr(recip), optionlist))
        return self.getreply()

    def data(self, msg):
        """SMTP 'DATA' command -- sends message data to server.

        Automatically quotes lines beginning with a period per rfc821.
        Raises SMTPDataError if there is an unexpected reply to the
        DATA command; the return value from this method is the final
        response code received when the all data is sent.
        """
        self.putcmd("data")
        (code, repl) = self.getreply()
        if self.debuglevel > 0:
            print>>stderr, "data:", (code, repl)
        if code != 354:
            raise SMTPDataError(code, repl)
        else:
            q = quotedata(msg)
            if q[-2:] != CRLF:
                q = q + CRLF
            q = q + "." + CRLF
            self.send(q)
            (code, msg) = self.getreply()
            if self.debuglevel > 0:
                print>>stderr, "data:", (code, msg)
            return (code, msg)

    def verify(self, address):
        """SMTP 'verify' command -- checks for address validity."""
        self.putcmd("vrfy", _addr_only(address))
        return self.getreply()
    # a.k.a.
    vrfy = verify

    def expn(self, address):
        """SMTP 'expn' command -- expands a mailing list."""
        self.putcmd("expn", _addr_only(address))
        return self.getreply()

    # some useful methods

    def ehlo_or_helo_if_needed(self):
        """Call self.ehlo() and/or self.helo() if needed.

        If there has been no previous EHLO or HELO command this session, this
        method tries ESMTP EHLO first.

        This method may raise the following exceptions:

         SMTPHeloError            The server didn't reply properly to
                                  the helo greeting.
        """
        if self.helo_resp is None and self.ehlo_resp is None:
            if not (200 <= self.ehlo()[0] <= 299):
                (code, resp) = self.helo()
                if not (200 <= code <= 299):
                    raise SMTPHeloError(code, resp)

    def login(self, user, password):
        """Log in on an SMTP server that requires authentication.

        The arguments are:
            - user:     The user name to authenticate with.
            - password: The password for the authentication.

        If there has been no previous EHLO or HELO command this session, this
        method tries ESMTP EHLO first.

        This method will return normally if the authentication was successful.

        This method may raise the following exceptions:

         SMTPHeloError            The server didn't reply properly to
                                  the helo greeting.
         SMTPAuthenticationError  The server didn't accept the username/
                                  password combination.
         SMTPException            No suitable authentication method was
                                  found.
        """

        def encode_cram_md5(challenge, user, password):
            challenge = base64.decodestring(challenge)
            response = user + " " + hmac.HMAC(password, challenge).hexdigest()
            return encode_base64(response, eol="")

        def encode_plain(user, password):
            return encode_base64("\0%s\0%s" % (user, password), eol="")


        AUTH_PLAIN = "PLAIN"
        AUTH_CRAM_MD5 = "CRAM-MD5"
        AUTH_LOGIN = "LOGIN"

        self.ehlo_or_helo_if_needed()

        if not self.has_extn("auth"):
            raise SMTPException("SMTP AUTH extension not supported by server.")

        # Authentication methods the server supports:
        authlist = self.esmtp_features["auth"].split()

        # List of authentication methods we support: from preferred to
        # less preferred methods. Except for the purpose of testing the weaker
        # ones, we prefer stronger methods like CRAM-MD5:
        preferred_auths = [AUTH_CRAM_MD5, AUTH_PLAIN, AUTH_LOGIN]

        # Determine the authentication method we'll use
        authmethod = None
        for method in preferred_auths:
            if method in authlist:
                authmethod = method
                break

        if authmethod == AUTH_CRAM_MD5:
            (code, resp) = self.docmd("AUTH", AUTH_CRAM_MD5)
            if code == 503:
                # 503 == 'Error: already authenticated'
                return (code, resp)
            (code, resp) = self.docmd(encode_cram_md5(resp, user, password))
        elif authmethod == AUTH_PLAIN:
            (code, resp) = self.docmd("AUTH",
                AUTH_PLAIN + " " + encode_plain(user, password))
        elif authmethod == AUTH_LOGIN:
            (code, resp) = self.docmd("AUTH",
                "%s %s" % (AUTH_LOGIN, encode_base64(user, eol="")))
            if code != 334:
                raise SMTPAuthenticationError(code, resp)
            (code, resp) = self.docmd(encode_base64(password, eol=""))
        elif authmethod is None:
            raise SMTPException("No suitable authentication method found.")
        if code not in (235, 503):
            # 235 == 'Authentication successful'
            # 503 == 'Error: already authenticated'
            raise SMTPAuthenticationError(code, resp)
        return (code, resp)

    def starttls(self, keyfile=None, certfile=None):
        """Puts the connection to the SMTP server into TLS mode.

        If there has been no previous EHLO or HELO command this session, this
        method tries ESMTP EHLO first.

        If the server supports TLS, this will encrypt the rest of the SMTP
        session. If you provide the keyfile and certfile parameters,
        the identity of the SMTP server and client can be checked. This,
        however, depends on whether the socket module really checks the
        certificates.

        This method may raise the following exceptions:

         SMTPHeloError            The server didn't reply properly to
                                  the helo greeting.
        """
        self.ehlo_or_helo_if_needed()
        if not self.has_extn("starttls"):
            raise SMTPException("STARTTLS extension not supported by server.")
        (resp, reply) = self.docmd("STARTTLS")
        if resp == 220:
            if not _have_ssl:
                raise RuntimeError("No SSL support included in this Python")
            self.sock = ssl.wrap_socket(self.sock, keyfile, certfile)
            self.file = SSLFakeFile(self.sock)
            # RFC 3207:
            # The client MUST discard any knowledge obtained from
            # the server, such as the list of SMTP service extensions,
            # which was not obtained from the TLS negotiation itself.
            self.helo_resp = None
            self.ehlo_resp = None
            self.esmtp_features = {}
            self.does_esmtp = 0
        else:
            # RFC 3207:
            # 501 Syntax error (no parameters allowed)
            # 454 TLS not available due to temporary reason
            raise SMTPResponseException(resp, reply)
        return (resp, reply)

    def sendmail(self, from_addr, to_addrs, msg, mail_options=[],
                 rcpt_options=[]):
        """This command performs an entire mail transaction.

        The arguments are:
            - from_addr    : The address sending this mail.
            - to_addrs     : A list of addresses to send this mail to.  A bare
                             string will be treated as a list with 1 address.
            - msg          : The message to send.
            - mail_options : List of ESMTP options (such as 8bitmime) for the
                             mail command.
            - rcpt_options : List of ESMTP options (such as DSN commands) for
                             all the rcpt commands.

        If there has been no previous EHLO or HELO command this session, this
        method tries ESMTP EHLO first.  If the server does ESMTP, message size
        and each of the specified options will be passed to it.  If EHLO
        fails, HELO will be tried and ESMTP options suppressed.

        This method will return normally if the mail is accepted for at least
        one recipient.  It returns a dictionary, with one entry for each
        recipient that was refused.  Each entry contains a tuple of the SMTP
        error code and the accompanying error message sent by the server.

        This method may raise the following exceptions:

         SMTPHeloError          The server didn't reply properly to
                                the helo greeting.
         SMTPRecipientsRefused  The server rejected ALL recipients
                                (no mail was sent).
         SMTPSenderRefused      The server didn't accept the from_addr.
         SMTPDataError          The server replied with an unexpected
                                error code (other than a refusal of
                                a recipient).

        Note: the connection will be open even after an exception is raised.

        Example:

         >>> import smtplib
         >>> s=smtplib.SMTP("localhost")
         >>> tolist=["[email protected]","[email protected]","[email protected]","[email protected]"]
         >>> msg = '''\\
         ... From: [email protected]
         ... Subject: testin'...
         ...
         ... This is a test '''
         >>> s.sendmail("[email protected]",tolist,msg)
         { "[email protected]" : ( 550 ,"User unknown" ) }
         >>> s.quit()

        In the above example, the message was accepted for delivery to three
        of the four addresses, and one was rejected, with the error code
        550.  If all addresses are accepted, then the method will return an
        empty dictionary.

        """
        self.ehlo_or_helo_if_needed()
        esmtp_opts = []
        if self.does_esmtp:
            # Hmmm? what's this? -ddm
            # self.esmtp_features['7bit']=""
            if self.has_extn('size'):
                esmtp_opts.append("size=%d" % len(msg))
            for option in mail_options:
                esmtp_opts.append(option)

        (code, resp) = self.mail(from_addr, esmtp_opts)
        if code != 250:
            self.rset()
            raise SMTPSenderRefused(code, resp, from_addr)
        senderrs = {}
        if isinstance(to_addrs, basestring):
            to_addrs = [to_addrs]
        for each in to_addrs:
            (code, resp) = self.rcpt(each, rcpt_options)
            if (code != 250) and (code != 251):
                senderrs[each] = (code, resp)
        if len(senderrs) == len(to_addrs):
            # the server refused all our recipients
            self.rset()
            raise SMTPRecipientsRefused(senderrs)
        (code, resp) = self.data(msg)
        if code != 250:
            self.rset()
            raise SMTPDataError(code, resp)
        #if we got here then somebody got our mail
        return senderrs


    def close(self):
        """Close the connection to the SMTP server."""
        if self.file:
            self.file.close()
        self.file = None
        if self.sock:
            self.sock.close()
        self.sock = None


    def quit(self):
        """Terminate the SMTP session."""
        res = self.docmd("quit")
        self.close()
        return res

if _have_ssl:

    class SMTP_SSL(SMTP):
        """ This is a subclass derived from SMTP that connects over an SSL encrypted
        socket (to use this class you need a socket module that was compiled with SSL
        support). If host is not specified, '' (the local host) is used. If port is
        omitted, the standard SMTP-over-SSL port (465) is used. keyfile and certfile
        are also optional - they can contain a PEM formatted private key and
        certificate chain file for the SSL connection.
        """

        default_port = SMTP_SSL_PORT

        def __init__(self, host='', port=0, local_hostname=None,
                     keyfile=None, certfile=None,
                     timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT):
            self.keyfile = keyfile
            self.certfile = certfile
            SMTP.__init__(self, host, port, local_hostname, timeout)

        def _get_socket(self, host, port, timeout):
            if self.debuglevel > 0:
                print>>stderr, 'connect:', (host, port)
            new_socket = socket.create_connection((host, port), timeout)
            new_socket = ssl.wrap_socket(new_socket, self.keyfile, self.certfile)
            self.file = SSLFakeFile(new_socket)
            return new_socket

    __all__.append("SMTP_SSL")

#
# LMTP extension
#
LMTP_PORT = 2003

class LMTP(SMTP):
    """LMTP - Local Mail Transfer Protocol

    The LMTP protocol, which is very similar to ESMTP, is heavily based
    on the standard SMTP client. It's common to use Unix sockets for LMTP,
    so our connect() method must support that as well as a regular
    host:port server. To specify a Unix socket, you must use an absolute
    path as the host, starting with a '/'.

    Authentication is supported, using the regular SMTP mechanism. When
    using a Unix socket, LMTP generally don't support or require any
    authentication, but your mileage might vary."""

    ehlo_msg = "lhlo"

    def __init__(self, host='', port=LMTP_PORT, local_hostname=None):
        """Initialize a new instance."""
        SMTP.__init__(self, host, port, local_hostname)

    def connect(self, host='localhost', port=0):
        """Connect to the LMTP daemon, on either a Unix or a TCP socket."""
        if host[0] != '/':
            return SMTP.connect(self, host, port)

        # Handle Unix-domain sockets.
        try:
            self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
            self.sock.connect(host)
        except socket.error:
            if self.debuglevel > 0:
                print>>stderr, 'connect fail:', host
            if self.sock:
                self.sock.close()
            self.sock = None
            raise
        (code, msg) = self.getreply()
        if self.debuglevel > 0:
            print>>stderr, "connect:", msg
        return (code, msg)


# Test the sendmail method, which tests most of the others.
# Note: This always sends to localhost.
if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys

    def prompt(prompt):
        sys.stdout.write(prompt + ": ")
        return sys.stdin.readline().strip()

    fromaddr = prompt("From")
    toaddrs = prompt("To").split(',')
    print "Enter message, end with ^D:"
    msg = ''
    while 1:
        line = sys.stdin.readline()
        if not line:
            break
        msg = msg + line
    print "Message length is %d" % len(msg)

    server = SMTP('localhost')
    server.set_debuglevel(1)
    server.sendmail(fromaddr, toaddrs, msg)
    server.quit()
A Beginner's Facts Playing Casino Slots

A Beginner’s Facts Playing Casino Slots

How In Order To Play Slots Find Out The Rules Involving Slot Machines

In most modern devices, the number regarding lines that will pay off for” “a gamer depends on the particular number of credits (money or coin-in) wagered on a new particular spin. Those first machines will be paid out based about the mechanical features of the device. However, modern equipment not merely often employ video reels yet also make full use of random number generators instead of mechanical operation to determine champions.

The strategy of progressive jackpots dates back to be able to 1986 when the particular Megabucks machine seemed to be introduced, allowing earnings to accumulate until the player hit the jackpot. Today, many popular progressive slot machines are connected around multiple casinos, more increasing the jackpot feature potential. Classic slot machines, often referred to be able to as 3-reel slot machine games, provide quick plus satisfying action. These games are great for players who appreciate easy and fast-paced game play. With their standard design and mechanics, classic slots charm to both newbies and seasoned gamers. Typically, these slot machines feature one to three paylines, making them easy in order to understand and enjoy.

Slot Tip 4:  Always Enjoy Within Your Budget And Become Willing To Lower Your Guess Or Stop Playing If You Struck A Limit

Bets can be as minimal as 1c each spin, playing with your local on line casino or online is usually easier than at any time to access your bank roll. Modern slot” “equipment games trace to large and unique machines manufactured by an enthusiastic mechanic (and tinkerer) of typically the late 19th millennium, Charles Fey. The machine that Fey created was very simple but complex in concept, and also this machine was the Liberty Bell. Note that these online slot machine game strategies work finest with games that have the lowest volatility since you will need to adjust the dimensions of the gamble as you proceed. Scatter symbols are usually special icons of which can fork out irregardless of their place on the reels, often triggering reward features mostbet.

  • It’s quick to customize amount of credits you’d like to participate in too.
  • Because of the long odds, seeking to win a huge jackpot is most likely unrealistic.
  • You’ll learn what to be able to expect and exactly how to adjust your current playing style to be able to the features of a particular slot device game.
  • For example, the Blood Suckers slot with the RTP of 98% returns to all players $98 of $100 expended inside; $2 is usually the house edge.
  • Therefore, carry out not rush to immediately place actual bets, but initial, get accustomed to the position controls.

Now, your house edge will vary with respect to the” “video game that players opt to play, and typically the total bet amount which is placed. Developers are continually striving to innovate and even create new ways for players to be able to win in a great attempt to retain player interest. One of those innovations seemed to be respins or cascading down symbols – which in turn are certain emblems which cause reels to respin to produce bigger wins or multipliers with outrageous symbols potentially. With all the success and recognition, there is usually one thing which includes always been some sort of given for position machines. In essence, they have been income generators regarding casinos for several years in spite of featuring large plus relatively frequent affiliate payouts. Once you’ve set your desired bet, press the “Spin” button or draw the lever (if available) to trigger the spin.

Beginners Guide: How To Play Slots Regarding Dummies

Keeping with the straightforward nature of playing slots at on the web casinos, if gamers have trouble, these types of websites offer consumer service. The special offers that online casinos offer purely relate with in-game aspects such as bonus money in addition to free spins for slots. The appeal of slot machines is the possiblity to hit big which has a jackpot payday. Over the years, developers have continued to find ways to boost the jackpots regarding players without stopping too much of the edge for your casino.

The most realistic strategy when betting on slot machines is bankroll management; its essence is usually rather simple. Each player can devote a certain amount on bets, in addition to spending it within one evening is a bad concept; a wise option is to split your bankroll volume into several parts. For example, following making a deposit, you can divide it into components simultaneously and use only one piece per day for making bets mostbet app.

Slot Tournaments

Today almost all progressives are linked electronically to other machines, with all credit played in the particular linked machines adding to a typical jackpot. Woe will be the person who hits three jackpot symbols about a buy-a-pay together with only one gold coin played — typically the player gets practically nothing back. On some sort of multiplier, payoffs are proportionate for each coin played — apart from, usually, for that leading jackpot.

  • Their slots selection includes progressive jackpot feature games, as well as a massive selection of all traditional slots you’d count on to find.
  • This is because slot games can be highly addicting and can prospect a player to chase their losses.
  • Nowadays, known because a philanthropist, Bill Redd (also referred to as Si) was among the Bally group’s designers in the 1971s.
  • With all the achievement and popularity, there will be one thing that has always been a new given for slot machine machines.

The wide collection of slot games, like exclusive titles, guarantees a varied plus exciting gaming knowledge. Here are many of the most effective online casinos for slot machine machines and precisely what causes them to be stand out there. A Night Using Cleo transports gamers to the planet of Ancient Egypt, complete with icons such as scarab beetles and the Eye of Horus. This game holds out for its unique bonus models, which add a great extra layer associated with excitement to the gameplay. Players can easily also make use of the chance feature, that allows all of them to attempt in order to double their winnings after any effective spin.

How To Play Slot Machines On-line: Step By Phase Instructions For Beginners

Among other things, site visitors will discover a day-to-day dose of content articles with the newest poker news, reside reporting from tournaments, exclusive videos, podcasts, reviews and bonus deals and so much more. With these kinds of eligibility factors and even any others you might find, your best choice is always in order to game details or even information before a person commit to enjoying. Sean Chaffin can be a longtime freelance article writer, editor, and former high school writing teacher. If you ever feel it’s learning to be a problem, urgently speak to a helpline in your country for immediate” “assistance. From in-depth testimonials and helpful guidelines to the latest reports, we’re here to be able to help you find a very good platforms and create informed decisions every step of the particular way.

They had been featuring three” “re-writing reels operated by way of a handle and a new single slot to be able to place a coin into. This equipment had only one shell out line, with each and every reel featuring several symbols – many you would acknowledge today – spades, hearts, diamonds, a new horseshoe, and the bell. This method requires players to be able to be more involved with every earn, so having some sort of calculator close by is recommended. Instead of changing the particular size of the particular bet based in won or lost rounds, the method has a set bet determined being a percentage of typically the available balance. Using 5% can become convenient, but all of us prefer staying secure and only wagering 3%. Slot machines top the record with regards to the almost all attractive casino game titles for gamblers, the two online and in land-based casinos.

Top Payment Procedures Available On Stake Casino

This feature means that you can spin a slot machine game game without seeking to connect to the particular game, but you is going to take care to be able to ensure you’re not really spending too much per spin. Wilds usually are special symbols that can replace other symbols on paylines to generate benefits. They are typically the most crucial symbols in the particular game and may also sometimes induce bonus features.

  • Additionally, players could unlock bonus capabilities through scatter signs” “that trigger special features.
  • If a person start thinking, “Well, they’re only credit, ” or even, “They’re already paid out for, ” it’s harder to persuade yourself to guard your bankroll.
  • At the core involving every authentic internet gambling platform is gaming software.
  • Players may also withdraw their funds by hitting “Cash Out and about. ” An individual can will certainly then receive a paper voucher together with the balance amount that can become used in another machine.

The user interface is definitely crafted to mirror the appearance and even ambiance of the conventional gambling establishment, featuring intuitive selections and controls. Volatility measures the frequency as well as the size regarding the wins that will the slots spend. For example, in case you prefer big is the winner less often, then you will want to perform an increased volatility slot; in case you prefer a low volatility slot then an individual will get smaller sized, more frequent is the winner. Commonly, this symbol is very totally different from the other symbols, therefore it is easy to distinguish besides making it simpler to understand the gameplay. Depending how many you obtain, could be dependent about the reward an individual are given; but like always, this may also vary per game.

Are There Different Types Of Slot Machines?

That about wraps upward our How in order to Play Slot Devices for Beginners guidebook. If you’ve appreciated it and are ready to try many free slots with regard to yourself, check out our slot reviews web page now. After a new few spins about those, you’ll grasp all of the particular concepts you’ve figured out about here. Paylines often confuse starter slots players the most, and no Exactly how to Play Slot machine Machines for Beginners guide would be full without explaining all of them further. Each symbol has a different worth and exactly how much you win for making combinations will be identified by the value of the symbols.

  • Don’t forget to be able to carefully experience almost all of the great print, because a few terms & situations can limit claiming, usage or cashing out of bonuses.
  • First, you should note that you can always find out exactly what bonus rounds and even special features the game has by viewing the paytable.
  • The goal with this specific strategy for earning at slots is usually to win back our losses.
  • Slot machines have are available a long approach since being simple machines and actually their role since store vending equipment.
  • Once you’ve established your desired gamble, press the “Spin” button or draw the lever (if available) to initiate the spin.

He’s written several books, generally on the topics of card counting and the different blackjack systems they employed over the particular years. He in addition runs a effective YouTube channel wherever he showcases various blackjack scenarios with beginner tips about how to overcome the dealer. Bets can be since little as 1c compared to typically the common minimum levels of $5 in order to $10 that stand and card games require.” “[newline]Please note that Slotsspot. com doesn’t work any gambling companies.

How To Play Slot Machines Inside A Casino

Bonus rounds can befuddle some new participants, so we believed we’d describe all of them here so that this specific How to Play Slot Machines intended for Beginners piece will be complete. When the cheats inserted particular numbers of coins in a certain order, the device would fork out. In jurisdictions with licensed casinos, the law takes a very dim view of cheating the video poker machines. Cheating licensed casinos is a criminal offence and will carry stiff prison terms. A zero-bonus balances the particular possibility of greater wins than you see in pick’em bonuses.

  • Over in britain, they include a couple of names for all of them, fruit machines in England and puggy in Scotland.
  • They are created to offer the chance-based, easy-to-play video gaming experience where gamers” “can go back home with potentially big wins using a simple rewrite.
  • However, you may stick to certain rules when playing particular titles; by using them, you could decrease risks and boost your winning possibilities.
  • The bonus round is usually activated by way of a minimum of three scatter symbols – but this can easily vary slot in order to slot.
  • Just such as the relaxed nature of how to play slot machines, players from all over have similar carefree love towards online game.

A gamer has numerous game titles available, something intended for every taste plus interest. However, whilst we can’t inform you how in order to play slot devices and win every time, we can show a couple of slot machine techniques that will assist you win more often. This is knowledge we’ve gained above decades, so bring it in and create sure you realize that before choosing which usually game to enjoy. Some slot machines in the 1960s and ‘70s had been vulnerable to ordinary magnets. Cheaters could make use of the magnets in order to make the fishing reels float freely alternatively of stopping about a spin.

How To Play Position Machines: A Step By Step Guide

Usually, classic, fruits, 3D, and progressive jackpot slot equipment are available with all online internet casinos. Old-fashioned slot equipment have only one horizontal payline, along which in turn three winning emblems (usually fruit icons or 7s) have to line upwards for you to be paid out. The vast bulk of today’s position machines, however, are multi-payline, with a few featuring up to 100 paylines or more.

  • So, let’s say that we all start with $100, which usually means our 1st bet is 3%.
  • It works generally the same manner regarding all slot devices, although there may become some variations based on the application developer.
  • These are the added features that assist to boost your payout in the particular game.
  • There is enough diversity and choice available amongst the slot machine game games industry.
  • “Each game comes with a unique combo of features like bonus rounds, thrilling varied animation alternatives, modern machines, multiplier machines, wild icons, and more.

The risk is that a new dry run can lead to a large bet that may be difficult in order to sustain. Some slot machine games feature progressive jackpots, where a small portion of each and every bet contributes to be able to a growing goldmine that can always be won by getting a specific combo or at unique. Find out about slot machines, how that they work and how to play slots for actual money with our own full guide.

How Developers Found Ways To Increase Jackpots

The worst factor you can apply at slot machines is always to chase loss by increasing the bet level. The chances are good that you may lose a lot more cash, and probably crazily run through the bankroll. When selecting an ideal bet level for your slot play, your decision is usually a trade-off among risk and payment.

  • The machine became known as the Liberty Bell and Fey spawned an evergrowing industry.
  • There are video games in penny, 2-cent, nickel, 10-cent, 1 fourth, dollar and also $100 denominations, and several machines allow players in order to choose which denomination they want to be able to use.
  • Nearly everyone is guilty associated with not reading Apple or Google words of service, but you shouldn’t are available to a casino with that same mindset.
  • The slot machine machine landscape has always been dependent upon the improvements and innovations involving software companies.
  • These slots are normally great for players who just want to have many fun create typically the most of their particular play.

It’s important to read the cup or help menus and learn precisely what type of device it is. The three major forms of reel-spinning slot machines are the multiplier, the buy-a-pay along with the progressive. Modern movie slots, of program, don’t have real coins but instead use virtual bridal party. To period pay-out odds, simply cash out your own slot credits straight into a real money balance. If you’re gunning for the big bucks, on the other hand, you would end up being wise to stick to high volatility slots.

Slot Hint 10:  Take Benefit Of Bonuses And Even Promotions

In typically the rest, the recognition of attempting to be able to win at slot machines is surging to the point slot machine game play is rivaling table play. On those machines, the particular big payoffs have been $50 or $100 — not like typically the big numbers slot machine game players expect today. On systems of which electronically link equipment in several casinos, progressive jackpots reach huge amount of money. It’s quick — just drop coins into typically the slot and push the button or even pull the handle. Newcomers will find the particular personal interaction along with dealers or additional players at the particular tables intimidating — slot players prevent that. And besides, the greatest, most lifestyle-changing jackpots in typically the casino are available upon the slots.

The game software giant incorporated a 4-tier progressive goldmine with levels called mega, major, slight, and mini. In order to be eligible for the tiny jackpot – the lowest of the bunch, you must bet at least 1 cent on all twenty-five paylines (a minimal total of $0. 25). When this comes to video slots, these generally include multi-tier accelerating jackpots. Every video clip slot usually provides between 2 plus 12 progressive goldmine levels, and every level provides a established max bet an individual have to help to make in order to be able to be eligible.

What Occurs When You” “Get On A Slot Machine?

Each slot machine features a pay stand that shows just what symbols have to line up for a pay out of varying sums. These are organized with the greatest payouts, known because the jackpot, on top of the tables and subsequent payouts below those. A desk also includes an amount paid relying on the amount of credits a new player puts in the machine. A random number generator, or perhaps RNG, is a computer technology that is definitely used to determine payouts and jackpots. An RNG makes a sequence associated with simulated random amounts to determine exactly where those reels may land, and therefore which payouts” “are distributed to participants. Modern slot equipment have become high-tech machines with advanced online video, sound, graphics, in addition to gameplay.

  • So, you should recognize that playing slot machine machines are extremely basic – which is part of the reason players love these games.
  • Ordinarily, a traditional 3-reel slot will be an ideal opt for for the player who else likes a pared-down game with not any frills and everything perform.
  • For example, if you owned four matching emblems on reels one, two, four, in addition to five, and some sort of wild landed throughout the middle, you’d have a 5 symbol combination.
  • Usually, classic, fruit, 3D, and progressive jackpot slot machines are available from all online casinos.
  • You can typically do this inside the ‘account’ or ‘banking’ section of your own casino.

The scam artists would likely remove the magnetic only when the fishing reels had aligned throughout a winning combo. My top slot machine game machine strategy ideas – you’ll learned about below – consist of 12 do’s and even 6 don’ts that may assist you in answering the top ‘how to succeed at slot machines? Changing the developed payback percentage demands opening the device and replacing a computer chip. Server-based slot machines that will allow casinos in order to change payout proportions remotely, but there are still polices around making these kinds of changes. It’s certainly not unusual to proceed 20 or fifty or more draws without a one payout on a reel-spinning slot, although payouts tend to be more repeated on video video poker machines. Nor would it be unusual for a device to pay again 150 percent or more for many dozen pulls.

What Is Responsible Game Playing And What Makes It Essential?

Given that they are games of chance, playing slots has more to perform with luck as compared to strategy. Even so, there are several strategies you can employ to select some sort of slot machine that may likely pay. As you might have got heard before, a person can’t win large payouts at a intensifying slot if you don’t max the wager. A small section of your bet on a modern slot machine game goes straight into a jackpot or perhaps set of jackpots. The more participants wager on typically the progressive lot the bigger its jackpot gets.

  • Not all machines are made the similar way and programmed with the same RTP or payment percentage.
  • To place a bet on the slot machine, simply insert the coins or currency, select your bet size, and take the lever or perhaps press the rotate button.
  • Alternatively, you can start building up a bankroll by keeping aside small amounts through your savings and after that begin gambling after getting saved enough money for a certain variety of slot machines.
  • Let’s consider a closer look at the sorts of bonus icons you’re more likely to find in a regular online” “slot.

Other accelerating slots are connected within a casino, although some are interconnected across all internet casinos featuring that certain game. For a new genuine casino experience from the coziness of your abode, live dealer games certainly are a must consider. These games, including live blackjack, different roulette games, and baccarat, feature real human retailers who interact along with players via reside video streams. Players can participate in current gameplay, detailed with interpersonal interaction, creating a great immersive and genuine casino atmosphere. They” “come in various themes and give a stimulating blend of gameplay, visuals, plus the possibility for significant winnings. Demo methods are available regarding players to train and even familiarize themselves along with the game with out risking real cash.

Starting In Order To Play Slots

Yes, due to the fact demo versions permit you to test slots, check their particular characteristics, and do not risk your own funds. While wagering, it is essential to control yourself, while emotions often usually tend to get free from control. It is incredibly common when you strike a large reward and lose manage, forgetting about caution as well as the strategy you adhere to. Aside coming from these run-of-the-mill strategies, participate in slot machine tournaments whenever feasible.

  • Understanding design and even mechanics in the sport is essential ahead of spinning the fishing reels.
  • Don’t hesitate in order to ask tough queries; other gamblers are usually willing to out a poor apple.
  • The scam artists would remove the magnet only if the reels had aligned within a winning mixture.
  • Video slots are acknowledged for their advanced graphics and several paylines, which will enhance the chances regarding winning.
  • The paytable also shows the value of every symbol, indicating the amount you win intended for matching different icons on a payline.

When playing video poker machines online, you could decrease or raise your stake by simply clicking on typically the BET/STAKE button. For example, classic on the internet slots based about traditional slot equipment have 3 reels. Three-reel slot games put more importance on their leading jackpots but have got a lesser hit regularity with additional losing spins. If you’re pondering how to win at slots, three-reel position games do offer slot players typically the best possiblity to get big, but additionally the particular best chance in order to lose fast. Every good online gambling establishment will have an array of games to attempt at no cost or true money.

How To Experience Video Poker Machines: The Pokernews Guide

The microprocessors driving today’s machines are set with random-number generation devices that govern winning combinations. Many position players pump money into two or more adjacent devices at a time, although if the casino will be crowded and others are having problems finding places to play, limit yourself to one machine. Select your bets and paylines, and get a theme and bonus feature of which interests you. Online slot software will be governed by the Arbitrary Number Generator, or perhaps RNG. As quickly as you struck the ‘Spin’ key, an algorithm can determine where and if the reels can stop. The process is completely unique, and slot designers have their games examined before they hit the casino industry, along with periodically audited with time.

  • This network impact results in massive jackpots, some of which can become truly life-changing.
  • While learning how in order to play casino slot machine games, there are particular factors that you have to always keep in mind when choosing the proper slot machine game game.
  • Added for the paylines and payout structures, deciphering the bet measurements is likewise crucial, as it can have an effect on both the possible winnings and the particular overall game.
  • You may well also get a feeling whether it’s achievable to win in slot games and even if so how to win in slots.

Now, a new payout and goldmine is determined as quickly as the player hits the switch to spin the particular reels. If you’re purely after massive jackpots, you ought to consider playing the subsequent games. These top rated progressive jackpot slots have paid out many of the greatest online slot jackpots of all time.

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