Current File : //bin/firewall-offline-cmd
#!/usr/bin/python2 -Es
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Copyright (C) 2009-2016 Red Hat, Inc.
#
# Authors:
# Thomas Woerner <[email protected]>
# Jiri Popelka <[email protected]>
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#

from gi.repository import GObject
import sys
sys.modules['gobject'] = GObject

import argparse
import os

from firewall.client import FirewallClientIPSetSettings, \
    FirewallClientZoneSettings, FirewallClientServiceSettings, \
    FirewallClientIcmpTypeSettings, FirewallClientHelperSettings
from firewall.errors import FirewallError
from firewall import config
from firewall.core.fw_test import Firewall_test
from firewall.functions import joinArgs, splitArgs
from firewall.core.io.functions import check_config
from firewall.core.io.zone import zone_reader
from firewall.core.io.service import service_reader
from firewall.core.io.ipset import ipset_reader
from firewall.core.io.icmptype import icmptype_reader
from firewall.core.io.helper import helper_reader
from firewall.command import FirewallCommand

# check for root user
def assert_root():
    if os.getuid() != 0:
        sys.stderr.write("You need to be root to run %s.\n" % sys.argv[0])
        sys.exit(-1)

SYSTEM_CONFIG_FIREWALL = config.SYSCONFIGDIR + '/system-config-firewall'

def __usage():
    sys.stdout.write("""
Usage: firewall-offline-cmd [OPTIONS...]

If no options are given, configuration from '%s' will be migrated.

General Options
  -h, --help           Prints a short help text and exists
  -V, --version        Print the version string of firewalld
  -q, --quiet          Do not print status messages
      --system-config  Path to firewalld system configuration
      --default-config Path to firewalld default configuration
      --check-config   Check system and default configuration

Lokkit Compatibility Options
  --migrate-system-config-firewall=<file>
                        Import configuration data from the given configuration
                        file.
  --enabled             Enable firewall (default)
  --disabled            Disable firewall
  --addmodule=<module>  Ignored option, was used to enable an iptables module
  --removemodule=<module>
                        Ignored option, was used to disable an iptables module
  -s <service>, --service=<service>
                        Enable a service in the default zone (example: ssh)
  --remove-service=<service>
                        Disable a service in the default zone (example: ssh)
  -p <port>[-<port>]:<protocol>, --port=<port>[-<port>]:<protocol>
                        Enable a port in the default zone (example: ssh:tcp)
  -t <interface>, --trust=<interface>
                        Bind an interface to the trusted zone
  -m <interface>, --masq=<interface>
                        Enables masquerading in the default zone, interface
                        argument is ignored. This is IPv4 only.
  --custom-rules=[<type>:][<table>:]<filename>
                        Ignored option. Was used to add custom rules to the
                        firewall (Example:
                        ipv4:filter:%s/ipv4_filter_addon)
  --forward-port=if=<interface>:port=<port>:proto=<protocol>[:toport=<destination port>][:toaddr=<destination address>]
                        Forward the port with protocol for the interface to
                        either another local destination port (no destination
                        address given) or to an other destination address with
                        an optional destination port. This will be added to
                        the default zone. This is IPv4 only.
  --block-icmp=<icmp type>
                        Block this ICMP type in the default zone. The default
                        is to accept all ICMP types.

Log Denied Options
  --get-log-denied     Print the log denied value
  --set-log-denied=<value>
                       Set log denied value

Automatic Helpers Options
  --get-automatic-helpers
                       Print the automatic helpers value
  --set-automatic-helpers=<value>
                       Set automatic helpers value

Zone Options
  --get-default-zone   Print default zone for connections and interfaces
  --set-default-zone=<zone>
                       Set default zone
  --get-zones          Print predefined zones
  --get-services       Print predefined services
  --get-icmptypes      Print predefined icmptypes
  --get-zone-of-interface=<interface>
                       Print name of the zone the interface is bound to
  --get-zone-of-source=<source>[/<mask>]|<MAC>|ipset:<ipset>
                       Print name of the zone the source is bound to
  --list-all-zones     List everything added for or enabled in all zones
  --new-zone=<zone>    Add a new empty zone
  --new-zone-from-file=<filename> [--name=<zone>]
                       Add a new zone from file with optional name override [P only]
  --delete-zone=<zone> Delete an existing zone
  --load-zone-defaults=<zone>
                       Load zone default settings [Z]
  --zone=<zone>        Use this zone to set or query options, else default zone
                       Usable for options marked with [Z]
  --set-description=<description>
                       Set new description to zone
  --get-description    Print description for zone
  --get-target         Get the zone target
  --set-target=<target>
                       Set the zone target
  --info-zone=<zone>   Print information about a zone
  --path-zone=<zone>   Print file path of a zone

IPSet Options
  --new-ipset=<ipset> --type=<ipset type> [--option=<key>[=<value>]]..
                       Add a new empty ipset
  --new-ipset-from-file=<filename> [--name=<ipset>]
                       Add a new ipset from file with optional name override [P only]
  --delete-ipset=<ipset>
                       Delete an existing ipset
  --load-ipset-defaults=<ipset>
                       Load ipset default settings
  --info-ipset=<ipset> Print information about an ipset
  --path-ipset=<ipset> Print file path of an ipset
  --get-ipsets         Print predefined ipsets
  --ipset=<ipset> --set-description=<description>
                       Set new description to ipset
  --ipset=<ipset> --get-description
                       Print description for ipset
  --ipset=<ipset> --set-short=<description>
                       Set new short description to ipset
  --ipset=<ipset> --get-short
                       Print short description for ipset
  --ipset=<ipset> --add-entry=<entry>
                       Add a new entry to an ipset
  --ipset=<ipset> --remove-entry=<entry>
                       Remove an entry from an ipset
  --ipset=<ipset> --query-entry=<entry>
                       Return whether ipset has an entry
  --ipset=<ipset> --get-entries
                       List entries of an ipset
  --ipset=<ipset> --add-entries-from-file=<entry>
                       Add a new entries to an ipset [P]
  --ipset=<ipset> --remove-entries-from-file=<entry>
                       Remove entries from an ipset [P]

IcmpType Options
  --new-icmptype=<icmptype>
                       Add a new empty icmptype
  --new-icmptype-from-file=<filename> [--name=<icmptype>]
                       Add a new icmptype from file with optional name override [P only]
  --delete-icmptype=<icmptype>
                       Delete an existing icmptype
  --load-icmptype-defaults=<icmptype>
                       Load icmptype default settings
  --info-icmptype=<icmptype>
                       Print information about an icmptype
  --path-icmptype=<icmptype>
                       Print file path of an icmptype
  --icmptype=<icmptype> --set-description=<description>
                       Set new description to icmptype
  --icmptype=<icmptype> --get-description
                       Print description for icmptype
  --icmptype=<icmptype> --set-short=<description>
                       Set new short description to icmptype
  --icmptype=<icmptype> --get-short
                       Print short description for icmptype
  --icmptype=<icmptype> --add-destination=<ipv>
                       Enable destination for ipv in icmptype
  --icmptype=<icmptype> --remove-destination=<ipv>
                       Disable destination for ipv in icmptype
  --icmptype=<icmptype> --query-destination=<ipv>
                       Return whether destination ipv is enabled in icmptype
  --icmptype=<icmptype> --get-destinations
                       List destinations in icmptype

Service Options
  --new-service=<service>
                       Add a new empty service
  --new-service-from-file=<filename> [--name=<service>]
                       Add a new service from file with optional name override [P only]
  --delete-service=<service>
                       Delete an existing service
  --load-service-defaults=<service>
                       Load icmptype default settings
  --info-service=<service>
                       Print information about a service
  --path-service=<service>
                       Print file path of a service
  --service=<service> --set-description=<description>
                       Set new description to service
  --service=<service> --get-description
                       Print description for service
  --service=<service> --set-short=<description>
                       Set new short description to service
  --service=<service> --get-short
                       Print short description for service
  --service=<service> --add-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol>
                       Add a new port to service
  --service=<service> --remove-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol>
                       Remove a port from service
  --service=<service> --query-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol>
                       Return whether the port has been added for service
  --service=<service> --get-ports
                       List ports of service
  --service=<service> --add-protocol=<protocol>
                       Add a new protocol to service
  --service=<service> --remove-protocol=<protocol>
                       Remove a protocol from service
  --service=<service> --query-protocol=<protocol>
                       Return whether the protocol has been added for service
  --service=<service> --get-protocols
                       List protocols of service
  --service=<service> --add-source-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol>
                       Add a new source port to service
  --service=<service> --remove-source-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol>
                       Remove a source port from service
  --service=<service> --query-source-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol>
                       Return whether the source port has been added for service [P only]
  --service=<service> --get-source-ports
                       List source ports of service
  --service=<service> --add-module=<module>
                       Add a new module to service
  --service=<service> --remove-module=<module>
                       Remove a module from service
  --service=<service> --query-module=<module>
                       Return whether the module has been added for service
  --service=<service> --get-modules
                       List modules of service
  --service=<service> --set-destination=<ipv>:<address>[/<mask>]
                       Set destination for ipv to address in service
  --service=<service> --remove-destination=<ipv>
                       Disable destination for ipv i service
  --service=<service> --query-destination=<ipv>:<address>[/<mask>]
                       Return whether destination ipv is set for service
  --service=<service> --get-destinations
                       List destinations in service

Options to Adapt and Query Zones
  --list-all           List everything added for or enabled in a zone [Z]
  --list-services      List services added for a zone [Z]
  --add-service=<service>
                       Add a service for a zone [Z]
  --remove-service-from-zone=<service>
                       Remove a service from a zone [Z]
  --query-service=<service>
                       Return whether service has been added for a zone [Z]
  --list-ports         List ports added for a zone [Z]
  --add-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol>
                       Add the port for a zone [Z]
  --remove-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol>
                       Remove the port from a zone [Z]
  --query-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol>
                       Return whether the port has been added for zone [Z]
  --list-protocols     List protocols added for a zone [Z]
  --add-protocol=<protocol>
                       Add the protocol for a zone [Z]
  --remove-protocol=<protocol>
                       Remove the protocol from a zone [Z]
  --query-protocol=<protocol>
                       Return whether the protocol has been added for zone [Z]
  --list-source-ports  List source ports added for a zone [Z]
  --add-source-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol>
                       Add the source port for a zone [Z]
  --remove-source-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol>
                       Remove the source port from a zone [Z]
  --query-source-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol>
                       Return whether the source port has been added for zone [Z]
  --list-icmp-blocks   List Internet ICMP type blocks added for a zone [Z]
  --add-icmp-block=<icmptype>
                       Add an ICMP block for a zone [Z]
  --remove-icmp-block=<icmptype>
                       Remove the ICMP block from a zone [Z]
  --query-icmp-block=<icmptype>
                       Return whether an ICMP block has been added for a zone
                       [Z]
  --add-icmp-block-inversion
                       Enable inversion of icmp blocks for a zone [Z]
  --remove-icmp-block-inversion
                       Disable inversion of icmp blocks for a zone [Z]
  --query-icmp-block-inversion
                       Return whether inversion of icmp blocks has been enabled
                       for a zone [Z]
  --list-forward-ports List IPv4 forward ports added for a zone [Z]
  --add-forward-port=port=<portid>[-<portid>]:proto=<protocol>[:toport=<portid>[-<portid>]][:toaddr=<address>[/<mask>]]
                       Add the IPv4 forward port for a zone [Z]
  --remove-forward-port=port=<portid>[-<portid>]:proto=<protocol>[:toport=<portid>[-<portid>]][:toaddr=<address>[/<mask>]]
                       Remove the IPv4 forward port from a zone [Z]


  --query-forward-port=port=<portid>[-<portid>]:proto=<protocol>[:toport=<portid>[-<portid>]][:toaddr=<address>[/<mask>]]
                       Return whether the IPv4 forward port has been added for
                       a zone [Z]
  --add-masquerade     Enable IPv4 masquerade for a zone [Z]
  --remove-masquerade  Disable IPv4 masquerade for a zone [Z]
  --query-masquerade   Return whether IPv4 masquerading has been enabled for a
                       zone [Z]
  --list-rich-rules    List rich language rules added for a zone [Z]
  --add-rich-rule=<rule>
                       Add rich language rule 'rule' for a zone [Z]
  --remove-rich-rule=<rule>
                       Remove rich language rule 'rule' from a zone [Z]
  --query-rich-rule=<rule>
                       Return whether a rich language rule 'rule' has been
                       added for a zone [Z]

Options to Handle Bindings of Interfaces
  --list-interfaces    List interfaces that are bound to a zone [Z]
  --add-interface=<interface>
                       Bind the <interface> to a zone [Z]
  --change-interface=<interface>
                       Change zone the <interface> is bound to [Z]
  --query-interface=<interface>
                       Query whether <interface> is bound to a zone [Z]
  --remove-interface=<interface>
                       Remove binding of <interface> from a zone [Z]

Options to Handle Bindings of Sources
  --list-sources       List sources that are bound to a zone [Z]
  --add-source=<source>[/<mask>]|<MAC>|ipset:<ipset>
                       Bind the source to a zone [Z]
  --change-source=<source>[/<mask>]|<MAC>|ipset:<ipset>
                       Change zone the source is bound to [Z]
  --query-source=<source>[/<mask>]|<MAC>|ipset:<ipset>
                       Query whether the source is bound to a zone [Z]
  --remove-source=<source>[/<mask>]|<MAC>|ipset:<ipset>
                       Remove binding of the source from a zone [Z]

Helper Options
  --new-helper=<helper> --module=<module> [--family=<family>]
                       Add a new helper
  --new-helper-from-file=<filename> [--name=<helper>]
                       Add a new helper from file with optional name
  --delete-helper=<helper>
                       Delete an existing helper
  --load-helper-defaults=<helper>
                       Load helper default settings
  --info-helper=<helper> Print information about an helper
  --path-helper=<helper> Print file path of an helper
  --get-helpers         Print predefined helpers
  --helper=<helper> --set-description=<description>
                       Set new description to helper
  --helper=<helper> --get-description
                       Print description for helper
  --helper=<helper> --set-short=<description>
                       Set new short description to helper
  --helper=<helper> --get-short
                       Print short description for helper
  --helper=<helper> --add-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol>
                       Add a new port to helper
  --helper=<helper> --remove-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol>
                       Remove a port from helper
  --helper=<helper> --query-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol>
                       Return whether the port has been added for helper
  --helper=<helper> --get-ports
                       List ports of helper
  --helper=<helper> --set-module=<module>
                       Set module to helper
  --helper=<helper> --get-module
                       Get module from helper
  --helper=<helper> --set-family={ipv4|ipv6|}
                       Set family for helper
  --helper=<helper> --get-family
                       Get module from helper

Direct Options
  --direct             First option for all direct options
  --get-all-chains
                       Get all chains
  --get-chains {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <table>
                       Get all chains added to the table
  --add-chain {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <table> <chain>
                       Add a new chain to the table
  --remove-chain {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <table> <chain>
                       Remove the chain from the table
  --query-chain {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <table> <chain>
                       Return whether the chain has been added to the table
  --get-all-rules
                       Get all rules
  --get-rules {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <table> <chain>
                       Get all rules added to chain in table
  --add-rule {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <table> <chain> <priority> <arg>...
                       Add rule to chain in table
  --remove-rule {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <table> <chain> <priority> <arg>...
                       Remove rule with priority from chain in table
  --remove-rules {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <table> <chain>
                       Remove rules from chain in table
  --query-rule {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <table> <chain> <priority> <arg>...
                       Return whether a rule with priority has been added to
                       chain in table
  --get-all-passthroughs
                       Get all passthrough rules
  --get-passthroughs {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <arg>...
                       Get passthrough rules
  --add-passthrough {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <arg>...
                       Add a new passthrough rule
  --remove-passthrough {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <arg>...
                       Remove a passthrough rule
  --query-passthrough {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <arg>...
                       Return whether the passthrough rule has been added

Lockdown Options
  --lockdown-on        Enable lockdown.
  --lockdown-off       Disable lockdown.
  --query-lockdown     Query whether lockdown is enabled

Lockdown Whitelist Options
  --list-lockdown-whitelist-commands
                       List all command lines that are on the whitelist
  --add-lockdown-whitelist-command=<command>
                       Add the command to the whitelist
  --remove-lockdown-whitelist-command=<command>
                       Remove the command from the whitelist
  --query-lockdown-whitelist-command=<command>
                       Query whether the command is on the whitelist
  --list-lockdown-whitelist-contexts
                       List all contexts that are on the whitelist
  --add-lockdown-whitelist-context=<context>
                       Add the context context to the whitelist
  --remove-lockdown-whitelist-context=<context>
                       Remove the context from the whitelist
  --query-lockdown-whitelist-context=<context>
                       Query whether the context is on the whitelist
  --list-lockdown-whitelist-uids
                       List all user ids that are on the whitelist
  --add-lockdown-whitelist-uid=<uid>
                       Add the user id uid to the whitelist
  --remove-lockdown-whitelist-uid=<uid>
                       Remove the user id uid from the whitelist
  --query-lockdown-whitelist-uid=<uid>
                       Query whether the user id uid is on the whitelist
  --list-lockdown-whitelist-users
                       List all user names that are on the whitelist
  --add-lockdown-whitelist-user=<user>
                       Add the user name user to the whitelist
  --remove-lockdown-whitelist-user=<user>
                       Remove the user name user from the whitelist
  --query-lockdown-whitelist-user=<user>
                       Query whether the user name user is on the whitelist

Polkit Options
  --policy-server      Change Polkit actions to 'server'  (more restricted)
  --policy-desktop     Change Polkit actions to 'desktop' (less restricted)

""" % (SYSTEM_CONFIG_FIREWALL, config.SYSCONFIGDIR))

def parse_port_lokkit(value):
    try:
        (port, proto) = value.split(":")
    except Exception:
        cmd.fail("bad port (most likely missing protocol), correct syntax is portid[-portid]:protocol")
    return (port, proto)

def pk_symlink(product='server'):
    _PK_DIR = '/usr/share/polkit-1/actions/'
    _PK_NAME = 'org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.'
    os.chdir(_PK_DIR)
    if os.path.isfile(_PK_NAME+product+'.policy.choice'):
        if os.path.isfile(_PK_NAME+'policy'):
            os.remove(_PK_NAME+'policy')
        os.symlink(_PK_NAME+product+'.policy.choice', _PK_NAME+'policy')
        cmd.print_and_exit('symlink '+_PK_DIR+_PK_NAME+product+'.policy.choice -> '+_PK_NAME+'policy')
    else:
        cmd.fail('no such file '+_PK_DIR+_PK_NAME+product+'.policy.choice')

# system-config-firewall
def read_sysconfig_args(config_file=SYSTEM_CONFIG_FIREWALL):
    filename = None
    if os.path.exists(config_file) and os.path.isfile(config_file):
        filename = config_file
    try:
        f = open(filename, 'r')
    except Exception:
        return None
    argv = [ ]
    for line in f:
        if not line:
            break
        line = line.strip()
        if len(line) < 1 or line[0] == '#':
            continue
        argv.append(line)
    f.close()
    return argv

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(usage="see firewall-offline-cmd man page",
                                 add_help=False)

parser_group_output = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
parser_group_output.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true")
parser_group_output.add_argument("-q", "--quiet", action="store_true")

parser_group_lokkit = parser.add_argument_group()
parser_group_lokkit.add_argument("--enabled", action="store_true")
parser_group_lokkit.add_argument("--disabled", action="store_true")
parser_group_lokkit.add_argument("--addmodule", metavar="<module>", action='append')
parser_group_lokkit.add_argument("--removemodule", metavar="<module>", action='append')
parser_group_lokkit.add_argument("--service", "-s", metavar="<service>", action='append')
parser_group_lokkit.add_argument("--remove-service", metavar="<service>", action='append')
parser_group_lokkit.add_argument("--port", "-p", metavar="<port>", action='append')
parser_group_lokkit.add_argument("--trust", "-t", metavar="<iface>", action='append')
parser_group_lokkit.add_argument("--masq", "-m", metavar="<iface>", action='append')
parser_group_lokkit.add_argument("--custom-rules", metavar="<filename>", action='append')
parser_group_lokkit.add_argument("--forward-port", metavar="<port>", action='append')
parser_group_lokkit.add_argument("--block-icmp", metavar="<icmptype>", action='append')

parser.add_argument("--system-config", metavar="path")
parser.add_argument("--default-config", metavar="path")
parser.add_argument("--check-config", action="store_true")

parser_group_standalone = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
parser_group_standalone.add_argument("-h", "--help",
                                     action="store_true")
parser_group_standalone.add_argument("-V", "--version", action="store_true")
parser_group_standalone.add_argument("--get-log-denied", action="store_true")
parser_group_standalone.add_argument("--set-log-denied", metavar="<value>")
parser_group_standalone.add_argument("--get-automatic-helpers", action="store_true")
parser_group_standalone.add_argument("--set-automatic-helpers", metavar="<value>")
parser_group_standalone.add_argument("--policy-server", action="store_true")
parser_group_standalone.add_argument("--policy-desktop", action="store_true")
parser_group_standalone.add_argument("--lockdown-on", action="store_true")
parser_group_standalone.add_argument("--lockdown-off", action="store_true")
parser_group_standalone.add_argument("--query-lockdown", action="store_true")

parser_group_standalone.add_argument("--get-default-zone", action="store_true")
parser_group_standalone.add_argument("--set-default-zone", metavar="<zone>")
parser_group_standalone.add_argument("--get-zones", action="store_true")
parser_group_standalone.add_argument("--get-services", action="store_true")
parser_group_standalone.add_argument("--get-icmptypes", action="store_true")
parser_group_standalone.add_argument("--get-zone-of-interface", metavar="<iface>", action='append')
parser_group_standalone.add_argument("--get-zone-of-source", metavar="<source>", action='append')
parser_group_standalone.add_argument("--list-all-zones", action="store_true")

parser_group_standalone.add_argument("--info-zone", metavar="<zone>")
parser_group_standalone.add_argument("--info-service", metavar="<service>")
parser_group_standalone.add_argument("--info-icmptype", metavar="<icmptype>")
parser_group_standalone.add_argument("--info-ipset", metavar="<ipset>")
parser_group_standalone.add_argument("--info-helper", metavar="<helper>")

parser_group_config = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
parser_group_config.add_argument("--new-icmptype", metavar="<icmptype>")
parser_group_config.add_argument("--new-icmptype-from-file", metavar="<filename>")
parser_group_config.add_argument("--delete-icmptype", metavar="<icmptype>")
parser_group_config.add_argument("--load-icmptype-defaults",
                                 metavar="<icmptype>")
parser_group_config.add_argument("--new-service", metavar="<service>")
parser_group_config.add_argument("--new-service-from-file", metavar="<filename>")
parser_group_config.add_argument("--delete-service", metavar="<service>")
parser_group_config.add_argument("--load-service-defaults", metavar="<service>")
parser_group_config.add_argument("--new-zone", metavar="<zone>")
parser_group_config.add_argument("--new-zone-from-file", metavar="<filename>")
parser_group_config.add_argument("--delete-zone", metavar="<zone>")
parser_group_config.add_argument("--load-zone-defaults", metavar="<zone>")
parser_group_config.add_argument("--new-ipset", metavar="<ipset>")
parser_group_config.add_argument("--new-ipset-from-file", metavar="<filename>")
parser_group_config.add_argument("--delete-ipset", metavar="<ipset>")
parser_group_config.add_argument("--load-ipset-defaults", metavar="<ipset>")
parser_group_config.add_argument("--new-helper", metavar="<helper>")
parser_group_config.add_argument("--new-helper-from-file", metavar="<filename>")
parser_group_config.add_argument("--delete-helper", metavar="<helper>")
parser_group_config.add_argument("--load-helper-defaults", metavar="<helper>")

parser_group_config.add_argument("--path-zone", metavar="<zone>")
parser_group_config.add_argument("--path-service", metavar="<service>")
parser_group_config.add_argument("--path-icmptype", metavar="<icmptype>")
parser_group_config.add_argument("--path-ipset", metavar="<ipset>")
parser_group_config.add_argument("--path-helper", metavar="<helper>")

parser.add_argument("--name", default="", metavar="<name>")

parser_group_lockdown_whitelist = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
parser_group_lockdown_whitelist.add_argument("--list-lockdown-whitelist-commands", action="store_true")
parser_group_lockdown_whitelist.add_argument("--add-lockdown-whitelist-command", metavar="<command>", action='append')
parser_group_lockdown_whitelist.add_argument("--remove-lockdown-whitelist-command", metavar="<command>", action='append')
parser_group_lockdown_whitelist.add_argument("--query-lockdown-whitelist-command", metavar="<command>", action='append')

parser_group_lockdown_whitelist.add_argument("--list-lockdown-whitelist-contexts", action="store_true")
parser_group_lockdown_whitelist.add_argument("--add-lockdown-whitelist-context", metavar="<context>", action='append')
parser_group_lockdown_whitelist.add_argument("--remove-lockdown-whitelist-context", metavar="<context>", action='append')
parser_group_lockdown_whitelist.add_argument("--query-lockdown-whitelist-context", metavar="<context>", action='append')

parser_group_lockdown_whitelist.add_argument("--list-lockdown-whitelist-uids", action="store_true")
parser_group_lockdown_whitelist.add_argument("--add-lockdown-whitelist-uid", metavar="<uid>", type=int, action='append')
parser_group_lockdown_whitelist.add_argument("--remove-lockdown-whitelist-uid", metavar="<uid>", type=int, action='append')
parser_group_lockdown_whitelist.add_argument("--query-lockdown-whitelist-uid", metavar="<uid>", type=int, action='append')

parser_group_lockdown_whitelist.add_argument("--list-lockdown-whitelist-users", action="store_true")
parser_group_lockdown_whitelist.add_argument("--add-lockdown-whitelist-user", metavar="<user>", action='append')
parser_group_lockdown_whitelist.add_argument("--remove-lockdown-whitelist-user", metavar="<user>", action='append')
parser_group_lockdown_whitelist.add_argument("--query-lockdown-whitelist-user", metavar="<user>", action='append')

parser.add_argument("--zone", default="", metavar="<zone>")

parser_group_zone = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--add-interface", metavar="<iface>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--remove-interface", metavar="<iface>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--query-interface", metavar="<iface>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--change-interface", "--change-zone", metavar="<iface>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--list-interfaces", action="store_true")
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--add-source", metavar="<source>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--remove-source", metavar="<source>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--query-source", metavar="<source>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--change-source", metavar="<source>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--list-sources", action="store_true")
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--add-rich-rule", metavar="<rule>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--remove-rich-rule", metavar="<rule>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--query-rich-rule", metavar="<rule>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--add-service", metavar="<service>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--remove-service-from-zone", metavar="<zone>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--query-service", metavar="<zone>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--add-port", metavar="<port>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--remove-port", metavar="<port>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--query-port", metavar="<port>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--add-protocol", metavar="<protocol>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--remove-protocol", metavar="<protocol>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--query-protocol", metavar="<protocol>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--add-source-port", metavar="<port>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--remove-source-port", metavar="<port>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--query-source-port", metavar="<port>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--add-masquerade", action="store_true")
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--remove-masquerade", action="store_true")
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--query-masquerade", action="store_true")
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--add-icmp-block", metavar="<icmptype>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--remove-icmp-block", metavar="<icmptype>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--query-icmp-block", metavar="<icmptype>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--add-icmp-block-inversion", action="store_true")
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--remove-icmp-block-inversion", action="store_true")
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--query-icmp-block-inversion", action="store_true")
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--add-forward-port", metavar="<port>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--remove-forward-port", metavar="<port>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--query-forward-port", metavar="<port>", action='append')
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--list-rich-rules", action="store_true")
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--list-services", action="store_true")
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--list-ports", action="store_true")
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--list-protocols", action="store_true")
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--list-icmp-blocks", action="store_true")
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--list-forward-ports", action="store_true")
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--list-source-ports", action="store_true")
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--list-all", action="store_true")
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--get-target", action="store_true")
parser_group_zone.add_argument("--set-target", metavar="<target>")

parser.add_argument("--option", metavar="<key>[=<value>]", action='append')
parser.add_argument("--type", metavar="<ipsettype>")
parser.add_argument("--ipset", metavar="<ipset>")

parser_ipset = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
#parser_ipset.add_argument("--add-option", metavar="<key>[=<value>]")
#parser_ipset.add_argument("--remove-option", metavar="<key>[=<value>]")
#parser_ipset.add_argument("--query-option", metavar="<key>[=<value>]")
#parser_ipset.add_argument("--get-options", action="store_true")

parser_ipset.add_argument("--get-ipsets", action="store_true")
parser_ipset.add_argument("--add-entry", metavar="<entry>", action='append')
parser_ipset.add_argument("--remove-entry", metavar="<entry>", action='append')
parser_ipset.add_argument("--query-entry", metavar="<entry>", action='append')
parser_ipset.add_argument("--get-entries", action="store_true")
parser_ipset.add_argument("--add-entries-from-file", metavar="<filename>", action='append')
parser_ipset.add_argument("--remove-entries-from-file", metavar="<filename>", action='append')

parser.add_argument("--icmptype", metavar="<icmptype>")

parser_icmptype = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
parser_icmptype.add_argument("--add-destination", metavar="<ipv>", action='append')
parser_icmptype.add_argument("--remove-destination", metavar="<ipv>", action='append')
parser_icmptype.add_argument("--query-destination", metavar="<ipv>", action='append')
parser_icmptype.add_argument("--get-destinations", action="store_true")

parser_service = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
parser_service.add_argument("--get-ports", action="store_true")
parser_service.add_argument("--get-source-ports", action="store_true")
parser_service.add_argument("--get-protocols", action="store_true")

parser_service.add_argument("--add-module", metavar="<module>", action='append')
parser_service.add_argument("--remove-module", metavar="<module>", action='append')
parser_service.add_argument("--query-module", metavar="<module>", action='append')
parser_service.add_argument("--get-modules", action="store_true")

parser_service.add_argument("--set-destination", metavar="<destination>", action='append')
parser_service.add_argument("--get-destination", action="store_true")

parser_service.add_argument("--set-description", metavar="<description>")
parser_service.add_argument("--get-description", action="store_true")

parser_service.add_argument("--set-short", metavar="<description>")
parser_service.add_argument("--get-short", action="store_true")

parser.add_argument("--helper", metavar="<helper>")
parser.add_argument("--family", metavar="<family>")
parser.add_argument("--module", metavar="<module>")

parser_helper = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
#parser_helper.add_argument("--get-ports", action="store_true")
parser_helper.add_argument("--get-helpers", action="store_true")
parser_helper.add_argument("--set-module", metavar="<module>")
parser_helper.add_argument("--get-module", action="store_true")
#parser_helper.add_argument("--query-module", metavar="<module>")
parser_helper.add_argument("--set-family", metavar="<family>|''", nargs="*")
parser_helper.add_argument("--get-family", action="store_true")

parser.add_argument("--direct", action="store_true")

# not possible to have sequences of options here
parser_direct = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
parser_direct.add_argument("--add-passthrough", nargs=argparse.REMAINDER,
                           metavar=("{ ipv4 | ipv6 | eb }", "<args>"))
parser_direct.add_argument("--remove-passthrough", nargs=argparse.REMAINDER,
                           metavar=("{ ipv4 | ipv6 | eb }", "<args>"))
parser_direct.add_argument("--query-passthrough", nargs=argparse.REMAINDER,
                           metavar=("{ ipv4 | ipv6 | eb }", "<args>"))
parser_direct.add_argument("--get-passthroughs", nargs=1,
                           metavar=("{ ipv4 | ipv6 | eb }"))
parser_direct.add_argument("--get-all-passthroughs", action="store_true")
parser_direct.add_argument("--add-chain", nargs=3,
                           metavar=("{ ipv4 | ipv6 | eb }", "<table>", "<chain>"))
parser_direct.add_argument("--remove-chain", nargs=3,
                           metavar=("{ ipv4 | ipv6 | eb }", "<table>", "<chain>"))
parser_direct.add_argument("--query-chain", nargs=3,
                           metavar=("{ ipv4 | ipv6 | eb }", "<table>", "<chain>"))
parser_direct.add_argument("--get-all-chains", action="store_true")
parser_direct.add_argument("--get-chains", nargs=2,
                           metavar=("{ ipv4 | ipv6 | eb }", "<table>"))
parser_direct.add_argument("--add-rule", nargs=argparse.REMAINDER,
                           metavar=("{ ipv4 | ipv6 | eb }", "<table> <chain> <priority> <args>"))
parser_direct.add_argument("--remove-rule", nargs=argparse.REMAINDER,
                           metavar=("{ ipv4 | ipv6 | eb }", "<table> <chain> <priority> <args>"))
parser_direct.add_argument("--remove-rules", nargs=3,
                           metavar=("{ ipv4 | ipv6 | eb }", "<table> <chain>"))
parser_direct.add_argument("--query-rule", nargs=argparse.REMAINDER,
                           metavar=("{ ipv4 | ipv6 | eb }", "<table> <chain> <priority> <args>"))
parser_direct.add_argument("--get-rules", nargs=3,
                           metavar=("{ ipv4 | ipv6 | eb }", "<table>", "<chain>"))
parser_direct.add_argument("--get-all-rules", action="store_true")

##############################################################################

cmd = FirewallCommand()

def myexcepthook(exctype, value, traceback):
    cmd.exception_handler(str(value))
sys.excepthook = myexcepthook

if len(sys.argv) > 1 and \
   any('--migrate-system-config-firewall' in arg for arg in sys.argv):
    args = sys.argv[1:]
    migration_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        usage="see firewall-offline-cmd man page", add_help=False)
    migration_parser.add_argument("-h", "--help", action="store_true")
    migration_parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true")
    migration_parser.add_argument("-q", "--quiet", action="store_true")
    migration_parser.add_argument("--migrate-system-config-firewall",
                                  metavar="<file>", action='store')
    a,unknown = migration_parser.parse_known_args(args)
    cmd.set_quiet(a.quiet)
    cmd.set_verbose(a.verbose)
    if a.help:
        __usage()
        sys.exit(0)
    else:
        assert_root()
    if a.quiet:
        # it makes no sense to use --quiet with these options
        a.quiet = False
        cmd.set_quiet(a.quiet)
        cmd.fail("-q/--quiet can't be used with this option(s)")
    if a.migrate_system_config_firewall:
        args = read_sysconfig_args(a.migrate_system_config_firewall)
        if not args:
            cmd.fail("Opening of '%s' failed, exiting." % \
                     a.migrate_system_config_firewall)
        args += unknown
elif len(sys.argv) > 1:
    i = -1
    args = sys.argv[1:]
    if '--add-passthrough' in args:
        i = args.index('--add-passthrough') + 1
    elif '--remove-passthrough' in args:
        i = args.index('--remove-passthrough') + 1
    elif '--query-passthrough' in args:
        i = args.index('--query-passthrough') + 1
    elif '--add-rule' in args:
        i = args.index('--add-rule') + 4
    elif '--remove-rule' in args:
        i = args.index('--remove-rule') + 4
    elif '--query-rule' in args:
        i = args.index('--query-rule') + 4
    # join <args> into one argument to prevent parser from parsing each iptables
    # option, because they can conflict with firewall-cmd options
    # # e.g. --delete (iptables) and --delete-* (firewall-cmd)
    if (i > -1) and (i < len(args) - 1):
        aux_args = args[:]
        args = aux_args[:i+1] # all but not <args>
        args.append(joinArgs(aux_args[i+1:])) # add <args> as one arg
else:
    assert_root()
    # migrate configuration from SYSTEM_CONFIG_FIREWALL
    args = read_sysconfig_args()
    if not args:
        cmd.fail("Opening of '%s' failed, exiting." % SYSTEM_CONFIG_FIREWALL)

a = parser.parse_args(args)

options_lokkit = a.enabled or a.disabled or a.addmodule or a.removemodule or \
                 a.trust or a.masq or a.custom_rules or \
                 a.service or a.remove_service or a.port or \
                 a.trust or a.masq or a.forward_port or a.block_icmp

options_standalone = a.help or a.version or \
    a.policy_server or a.policy_desktop or \
    a.lockdown_on or a.lockdown_off or a.query_lockdown or \
    a.get_default_zone or a.set_default_zone or \
    a.get_log_denied or a.set_log_denied or \
    a.get_automatic_helpers or a.set_automatic_helpers

options_desc_xml_file = a.set_description or a.get_description or \
                        a.set_short or a.get_short

options_lockdown_whitelist = \
    a.list_lockdown_whitelist_commands or a.add_lockdown_whitelist_command or \
    a.remove_lockdown_whitelist_command or \
    a.query_lockdown_whitelist_command or \
    a.list_lockdown_whitelist_contexts or a.add_lockdown_whitelist_context or \
    a.remove_lockdown_whitelist_context or \
    a.query_lockdown_whitelist_context or \
    a.list_lockdown_whitelist_uids or a.add_lockdown_whitelist_uid is not None or \
    a.remove_lockdown_whitelist_uid is not None or \
    a.query_lockdown_whitelist_uid is not None or \
    a.list_lockdown_whitelist_users or a.add_lockdown_whitelist_user or \
    a.remove_lockdown_whitelist_user or \
    a.query_lockdown_whitelist_user

options_config = a.get_zones or a.get_services or a.get_icmptypes or \
                 options_lockdown_whitelist or a.list_all_zones or \
                 a.get_zone_of_interface or a.get_zone_of_source or \
                 a.info_zone or a.info_icmptype or a.info_service or \
                 a.info_ipset or a.get_ipsets or a.info_helper or \
                 a.get_helpers

options_zone_action_action = \
    a.add_service or a.remove_service_from_zone or a.query_service or \
    a.add_port or a.remove_port or a.query_port or \
    a.add_protocol or a.remove_protocol or a.query_protocol or \
    a.add_source_port or a.remove_source_port or a.query_source_port or \
    a.add_icmp_block or a.remove_icmp_block or a.query_icmp_block or \
    a.add_forward_port or a.remove_forward_port or a.query_forward_port

options_zone_interfaces_sources = \
    a.list_interfaces or a.change_interface or \
    a.add_interface or a.remove_interface or a.query_interface or \
    a.list_sources or a.change_source or \
    a.add_source or a.remove_source or a.query_source

options_zone_adapt_query = \
    a.add_rich_rule or a.remove_rich_rule or a.query_rich_rule or \
    a.add_masquerade or a.remove_masquerade or a.query_masquerade or \
    a.list_services or a.list_ports or a.list_protocols or \
    a.list_source_ports or \
    a.list_icmp_blocks or a.list_forward_ports or a.list_rich_rules or \
    a.add_icmp_block_inversion or a.remove_icmp_block_inversion or \
    a.query_icmp_block_inversion or \
    a.list_all or a.get_target or a.set_target

options_zone_ops = options_zone_interfaces_sources or \
                   options_zone_action_action or options_zone_adapt_query

options_zone = a.zone or options_zone_ops or options_desc_xml_file

options_ipset = a.add_entry or a.remove_entry or a.query_entry or \
                a.get_entries or a.add_entries_from_file or \
                a.remove_entries_from_file or options_desc_xml_file

options_icmptype = a.add_destination or a.remove_destination or \
                   a.query_destination or a.get_destinations or \
                   options_desc_xml_file

options_service = a.add_port or a.remove_port or a.query_port or \
                  a.get_ports or \
                  a.add_protocol or a.remove_protocol or a.query_protocol or \
                  a.get_protocols or \
                  a.add_source_port or a.remove_source_port or \
                  a.query_source_port or a.get_source_ports or \
                  a.add_module or a.remove_module or a.query_module or \
                  a.get_modules or \
                  a.set_destination or a.remove_destination or \
                  a.query_destination or a.get_destinations or \
                  options_desc_xml_file

options_helper = a.add_port or a.remove_port or a.query_port or \
                  a.get_ports or a.set_module or a.get_module or \
                  a.set_family or a.get_family or \
                  options_desc_xml_file

options_permanent = options_config or options_zone or \
                    a.new_icmptype or a.delete_icmptype or \
                    a.new_icmptype_from_file or \
                    a.load_icmptype_defaults or \
                    a.new_service or a.delete_service or \
                    a.new_service_from_file or \
                    a.load_service_defaults or \
                    a.new_zone or a.delete_zone or \
                    a.new_zone_from_file or \
                    a.load_zone_defaults or \
                    a.new_helper or a.delete_helper or \
                    a.new_helper_from_file or \
                    a.load_helper_defaults or \
                    a.new_ipset or a.delete_ipset or \
                    a.new_ipset_from_file or \
                    a.load_ipset_defaults or \
                    a.ipset or options_ipset or \
                    (a.icmptype and options_icmptype) or \
                    (a.service and options_service) or \
                    (a.helper and options_helper) or \
                    a.path_zone or a.path_icmptype or a.path_service or \
                    a.path_ipset or a.path_helper

options_direct = \
           a.add_chain or a.remove_chain or a.query_chain or \
           a.get_chains or a.get_all_chains or \
           a.add_rule or a.remove_rule or a.remove_rules or a.query_rule or \
           a.get_rules or a.get_all_rules or \
           a.add_passthrough or a.remove_passthrough or a.query_passthrough or \
           a.get_passthroughs or a.get_all_passthroughs

# these are supposed to only write out some output
options_list_get = a.help or a.version or a.list_all or a.list_all_zones or \
 a.list_lockdown_whitelist_commands or a.list_lockdown_whitelist_contexts or \
 a.list_lockdown_whitelist_uids or a.list_lockdown_whitelist_users or \
 a.list_services or a.list_ports or a.list_protocols or a.list_icmp_blocks or \
 a.list_forward_ports or a.list_rich_rules or a.list_interfaces or \
 a.list_sources or a.get_default_zone or \
 a.get_zone_of_interface or a.get_zone_of_source or a.get_zones or \
 a.get_services or a.get_icmptypes or a.get_target or \
 a.info_zone or a.info_icmptype or a.info_service or \
 a.info_ipset or a.get_ipsets or a.get_entries or \
 a.info_helper or a.get_helpers or \
 a.get_destinations or a.get_description

# Set quiet and verbose

cmd.set_quiet(a.quiet)
cmd.set_verbose(a.verbose)

# Check various impossible combinations of options

if not (options_standalone or options_ipset or \
        options_lokkit or \
        options_icmptype or options_service or options_helper or \
        options_permanent or options_direct or options_desc_xml_file or \
        a.check_config):
    cmd.fail(parser.format_usage() + "No option specified.")

if options_lokkit and (options_standalone or \
                       options_permanent or options_direct) and \
                       not (options_service and a.service):
    cmd.fail(parser.format_usage() +
             "Can't use lokkit options with other options.")

if options_standalone and (options_permanent or \
                           options_direct or options_ipset):
    cmd.fail(parser.format_usage() +
             "Can't use stand-alone options with other options.")

if options_ipset and not options_desc_xml_file and not a.ipset:
    cmd.fail(parser.format_usage() + "No ipset specified.")

if (options_icmptype and not a.icmptype) and \
   not (options_service and a.service) and not options_desc_xml_file:
    cmd.fail(parser.format_usage() + "No icmptype specified.")

if options_service and a.service and len(a.service) > 0:
    if len(a.service) > 1:
        cmd.fail(parser.format_usage() + "More than one service specified.")
    # use the first entry in the array only
    a.service = a.service[0]

if (options_helper and not a.helper) and \
   not (options_service and a.service) and \
   not options_zone and not options_desc_xml_file:
    cmd.fail(parser.format_usage() + "No helper specified.")

if options_direct and options_zone:
    cmd.fail(parser.format_usage() +
             "Can't use 'direct' options with other options.")

if (a.direct and not options_direct) or (options_direct and not a.direct):
    cmd.fail(parser.format_usage() +
             "Wrong usage of 'direct' options.")

if a.name and not (a.new_zone_from_file or a.new_service_from_file or \
                   a.new_ipset_from_file or a.new_icmptype_from_file or \
                   a.new_helper_from_file):
    cmd.fail(parser.format_usage() + "Wrong usage of '--name' option.")

if options_config and options_zone:
    cmd.fail(parser.format_usage() +
             "Wrong usage of --get-zones | --get-services | --get-icmptypes.")

if a.quiet and options_list_get:
    # it makes no sense to use --quiet with these options
    a.quiet = False
    cmd.set_quiet(a.quiet)
    cmd.fail("-q/--quiet can't be used with this option(s)")

if a.help:
    __usage()
    sys.exit(0)

assert_root()

if a.system_config:
    config.set_system_config_paths(a.system_config)
if a.default_config:
    config.set_default_config_paths(a.default_config)
if a.check_config:
    try:
        fw = Firewall_test()
        fw.start()
        check_config(fw)
    except FirewallError as error:
        cmd.print_and_exit("Configuration error: %s" % error, error.code)
    except Exception as msg:
        cmd.fail("Configuration error: %s" % msg)
    sys.exit(0)

zone = a.zone
fw = Firewall_test()
fw.start()

try:
    # Lokkit Compatibility Options
    if options_lokkit and not (options_service and a.service):
        trusted_zone = "trusted"
        default_zone = fw.get_default_zone()
        fw_zone = fw.config.get_zone(default_zone)
        fw_settings = FirewallClientZoneSettings(
            list(fw.config.get_zone_config(fw_zone)))

        if a.enabled:
            # Enable firewall (default)
            os.system("systemctl enable firewalld.service")
        if a.disabled:
            # Disable firewall
            os.system("systemctl disable firewalld.service")
        if a.addmodule:
            for m in a.addmodule:
                cmd.print_msg("Ignoring addmodule '%s'" % m)
        if a.removemodule:
            for m in a.removemodule:
                cmd.print_msg("Ignoring removemodule '%s'" % m)
        if a.custom_rules:
            for c in a.custom_rules:
                cmd.print_msg("Ignoring custom-rule '%s'" % c)
        if a.service:
            for s in a.service:
                cmd.print_msg("Adding service '%s' to default zone." % s)
                if not fw_settings.queryService(s):
                    fw_settings.addService(s)
                else:
                    cmd.print_msg("ALREADY_ENABLED: %s" % s)
        if a.remove_service:
            for s in a.remove_service:
                cmd.print_msg("Removing service '%s' from default zone." % s)
                if fw_settings.queryService(s):
                    fw_settings.removeService(s)
                else:
                    cmd.print_msg("NOT_ENABLED: %s" % s)
        if a.port:
            for port_proto in a.port:
                (port, proto) = parse_port_lokkit(port_proto)
                cmd.print_msg("Adding port '%s/%s' to default zone." % (port, proto))
                if not fw_settings.queryPort(port, proto):
                    fw_settings.addPort(port, proto)
                else:
                    cmd.print_msg("ALREADY_ENABLED: %s" % port_proto)
        if a.trust:
            if default_zone != trusted_zone:
                fw_trusted = fw.config.get_zone("trusted")
                fw_trusted_settings = FirewallClientZoneSettings(
                    list(fw.config.get_zone_config(fw_trusted)))
                # Bind an interface to the trusted zone
                for i in a.trust:
                    cmd.print_msg("Interface '%s' will be bound to zone '%s'." % \
                            (i, trusted_zone))
                    if not fw_trusted_settings.queryInterface(i):
                        fw_trusted_settings.addInterface(i)
                    else:
                        cmd.print_msg("ALREADY_ENABLED: %s" % i)
                fw.config.set_zone_config(fw_trusted, fw_trusted_settings.settings)
            else:
                for i in a.trust:
                    cmd.print_msg("Interface '%s' will be bound to zone '%s'." % \
                            (i, trusted_zone))
                    if not fw_settings.queryInterface(i):
                        fw_settings.addInterface(i)
                    else:
                        cmd.print_msg("ALREADY_ENABLED: %s" % i)
        if a.masq:
            # Enables masquerading in the default zone, interface argument is ignored
            cmd.print_msg("Enabling masquerade for the default zone.")
            fw_settings.setMasquerade(True)
        if a.forward_port:
            for fp in a.forward_port:
                (port, protocol, toport, toaddr) = cmd.parse_forward_port(
                    fp, compat=True)
                cmd.print_msg("Adding forward port %s:%s:%s:%s to default zone." % \
                      (port, protocol, toport, toaddr))
                if not fw_settings.queryForwardPort(port, protocol, toport,
                                                    toaddr):
                    fw_settings.addForwardPort(port, protocol, toport, toaddr)
                else:
                    cmd.print_msg("ALREADY_ENABLED: %s" % fp)
        if a.block_icmp:
            for ib in a.block_icmp:
                cmd.print_msg("Adding icmpblock '%s' to default zone." % ib)
                if not fw_settings.queryIcmpBlock(ib):
                    fw_settings.addIcmpBlock(ib)
                else:
                    cmd.print_msg("ALREADY_ENABLED: %s" % ib)

        fw.config.set_zone_config(fw_zone, fw_settings.settings)

    elif a.version:
        cmd.print_and_exit(config.VERSION)

    elif a.get_log_denied:
        cmd.print_and_exit(fw.get_log_denied())
    elif a.set_log_denied:
        fw.set_log_denied(a.set_log_denied)

    elif a.get_automatic_helpers:
        cmd.print_and_exit(fw.get_automatic_helpers())
    elif a.set_automatic_helpers:
        fw.set_automatic_helpers(a.set_automatic_helpers)

    elif a.policy_server:
        pk_symlink('server')
    elif a.policy_desktop:
        pk_symlink('desktop')

    # options from firewall-cmd
    elif a.get_default_zone:
        cmd.print_and_exit(fw.get_default_zone())
    elif a.set_default_zone:
        fw.set_default_zone(a.set_default_zone)

    # lockdown
    elif a.lockdown_on:
        fw.enable_lockdown()
    elif a.lockdown_off:
        fw.disable_lockdown()
    elif a.query_lockdown:
        cmd.print_query_result(fw.policies.query_lockdown())

    # zones
    elif a.get_zones:
        zones = fw.config.get_zones()
        cmd.print_and_exit(" ".join(zones))

    elif a.new_zone:
        fw.config.new_zone(a.new_zone, FirewallClientZoneSettings().settings)

    elif a.new_zone_from_file:
        filename = os.path.basename(a.new_zone_from_file)
        dirname = os.path.dirname(a.new_zone_from_file)
        if dirname == "":
            dirname = "./"
        try:
            obj = zone_reader(filename, dirname)
        except FirewallError as msg:
            cmd.print_and_exit("Failed to load zone file '%s': %s" % \
                               (a.new_zone_from_file, msg), msg.code)
        except IOError as msg:
            cmd.fail("Failed to load zone file: %s" % msg)

        if a.name:
            obj.name = a.name

        fw.config.new_zone(obj.name, obj.export_config())

    elif a.delete_zone:
        obj = fw.config.get_zone(a.delete_zone)
        fw.config.remove_zone(obj)

    elif a.load_zone_defaults:
        obj = fw.config.get_zone(a.load_zone_defaults)
        fw.config.load_zone_defaults(obj)

    elif a.info_zone:
        zone = fw.config.get_zone(a.info_zone)
        settings = FirewallClientZoneSettings(
            list(fw.config.get_zone_config(zone)))
        cmd.print_zone_info(a.info_zone, settings, True)
        sys.exit(0)

    elif a.path_zone:
        obj = fw.config.get_zone(a.path_zone)
        cmd.print_and_exit("%s/%s" % (obj.path, obj.filename))

    # services
    elif a.get_services:
        services = fw.config.get_services()
        cmd.print_and_exit(" ".join(services))

    elif a.new_service:
        fw.config.new_service(a.new_service,
                              FirewallClientServiceSettings().settings)

    elif a.new_service_from_file:
        filename = os.path.basename(a.new_service_from_file)
        dirname = os.path.dirname(a.new_service_from_file)
        if dirname == "":
            dirname = "./"
        try:
            obj = service_reader(filename, dirname)
        except FirewallError as msg:
            cmd.print_and_exit("Failed to load service file '%s': %s" % \
                               (a.new_service_from_file, msg), msg.code)
        except IOError as msg:
            cmd.fail("Failed to load service file: %s" % msg)

        if a.name:
            obj.name = a.name

        fw.config.new_service(obj.name, obj.export_config())

    elif a.delete_service:
        obj = fw.config.get_service(a.delete_service)
        fw.config.remove_service(obj)

        # remove service from all zones
        zones = fw.config.get_zones()
        for zone in zones:
            _zone = fw.config.get_zone(zone)
            _settings = FirewallClientZoneSettings(
                list(fw.config.get_zone_config(_zone)))
            if _settings.queryService(a.delete_service):
                _settings.removeService(a.delete_service)
                fw.config.set_zone_config(_zone, _settings.settings)

    elif a.load_service_defaults:
        obj = fw.config.get_service(a.load_service_defaults)
        fw.config.load_service_defaults(obj)

    elif a.info_service:
        service = fw.config.get_service(a.info_service)
        settings = FirewallClientServiceSettings(
            list(fw.config.get_service_config(service)))
        cmd.print_service_info(a.info_service, settings)
        sys.exit(0)

    elif a.path_service:
        obj = fw.config.get_service(a.path_service)
        cmd.print_and_exit("%s/%s" % (obj.path, obj.filename))

    # icmptypes
    elif a.get_icmptypes:
        icmptypes = fw.config.get_icmptypes()
        cmd.print_and_exit(" ".join(icmptypes))

    elif a.new_icmptype:
        fw.config.new_icmptype(a.new_icmptype,
                               FirewallClientIcmpTypeSettings().settings)

    elif a.new_icmptype_from_file:
        filename = os.path.basename(a.new_icmptype_from_file)
        dirname = os.path.dirname(a.new_icmptype_from_file)
        if dirname == "":
            dirname = "./"
        try:
            obj = icmptype_reader(filename, dirname)
        except FirewallError as msg:
            cmd.print_and_exit("Failed to load icmptype file '%s': %s" % \
                               (a.new_icmptype_from_file, msg), msg.code)
        except IOError as msg:
            cmd.fail("Failed to load icmptype file: %s" % msg)

        if a.name:
            obj.name = a.name

        fw.config.new_icmptype(obj.name, obj.export_config())

    elif a.delete_icmptype:
        obj = fw.config.get_icmptype(a.delete_icmptype)
        fw.config.remove_icmptype(obj)

        # remove icmpyte from all zones
        zones = fw.config.get_zones()
        for zone in zones:
            _zone = fw.config.get_zone(zone)
            _settings = FirewallClientZoneSettings(
                list(fw.config.get_zone_config(_zone)))
            if _settings.queryIcmpBlock(a.delete_icmptype):
                _settings.removeIcmpBlock(a.delete_icmptype)
                fw.config.set_zone_config(_zone, _settings.settings)

    elif a.load_icmptype_defaults:
        obj = fw.config.get_icmptype(a.load_icmptype_defaults)
        fw.config.load_icmptype_defaults(obj)

    elif a.info_icmptype:
        icmptype = fw.config.get_icmptype(a.info_icmptype)
        settings = FirewallClientIcmpTypeSettings(
            list(fw.config.get_icmptype_config(icmptype)))

        cmd.print_icmptype_info(a.info_icmptype, settings)
        sys.exit(0)

    elif a.path_icmptype:
        obj = fw.config.get_icmptype(a.path_icmptype)
        cmd.print_and_exit("%s/%s" % (obj.path, obj.filename))

    elif a.icmptype and options_icmptype:
        icmptype = fw.config.get_icmptype(a.icmptype)
        settings = FirewallClientIcmpTypeSettings(
            list(fw.config.get_icmptype_config(icmptype)))

        if a.add_destination:
            cmd.add_sequence(a.add_destination, settings.addDestination,
                             settings.queryDestination,
                             cmd.check_destination_ipv, "'%s'")
            fw.config.set_icmptype_config(icmptype, settings.settings)

        elif a.remove_destination:
            cmd.remove_sequence(a.remove_destination,
                                settings.removeDestination,
                                settings.queryDestination,
                                cmd.check_destination_ipv, "'%s'")
            fw.config.set_icmptype_config(icmptype, settings.settings)

        elif a.query_destination:
            cmd.query_sequence(a.query_destination, settings.queryDestination,
                               cmd.check_destination_ipv , "'%s'")

        elif a.get_destinations:
            l = settings.getDestinations()
            if len(l) == 0:
                l = [ "ipv4", "ipv6" ]
            cmd.print_and_exit("\n".join(l))

        elif a.set_description:
            settings.setDescription(a.set_description)
            fw.config.set_icmptype_config(icmptype, settings.settings)

        elif a.get_description:
            cmd.print_and_exit(settings.getDescription())

        elif a.set_short:
            settings.setShort(a.set_short)
            fw.config.set_icmptype_config(icmptype, settings.settings)

        elif a.get_short:
            cmd.print_and_exit(settings.getShort())

        else:
            cmd.fail(parser.format_usage() + "Unknown option")

        cmd.print_and_exit("success")

    elif a.service and options_service:
        service = fw.config.get_service(a.service)
        settings = FirewallClientServiceSettings(
            list(fw.config.get_service_config(service)))

        if a.add_port:
            cmd.add_sequence(a.add_port, settings.addPort,
                             settings.queryPort, cmd.parse_port, "%s/%s")
            fw.config.set_service_config(service, settings.settings)

        elif a.remove_port:
            cmd.remove_sequence(a.remove_port, settings.removePort,
                                settings.queryPort, cmd.parse_port, "%s/%s")
            fw.config.set_service_config(service, settings.settings)

        elif a.query_port:
            cmd.query_sequence(a.query_port, settings.queryPort,
                               cmd.parse_port, "%s/%s")

        elif a.get_ports:
            l = settings.getPorts()
            cmd.print_and_exit(" ".join(["%s/%s" % (port[0], port[1]) for port in l]))

        elif a.add_protocol:
            cmd.add_sequence(a.add_protocol, settings.addProtocol,
                             settings.queryProtocol, None, "'%s'")
            fw.config.set_service_config(service, settings.settings)

        elif a.remove_protocol:
            cmd.remove_sequence(a.remove_protocol, settings.removeProtocol,
                                settings.queryProtocol, None, "'%s'")
            fw.config.set_service_config(service, settings.settings)

        elif a.query_protocol:
            cmd.query_sequence(a.query_protocol, settings.queryProtocol,
                               None, "'%s'")

        elif a.get_protocols:
            l = settings.getProtocols()
            cmd.print_and_exit(" ".join(["%s" % protocol for protocol in l]))

        elif a.add_source_port:
            cmd.add_sequence(a.add_source_port, settings.addSourcePort,
                             settings.querySourcePort, cmd.parse_port, "%s/%s")
            fw.config.set_service_config(service, settings.settings)

        elif a.remove_source_port:
            cmd.remove_sequence(a.remove_source_port, settings.removeSourcePort,
                                settings.querySourcePort, cmd.parse_port,
                                "%s/%s")
            fw.config.set_service_config(service, settings.settings)

        elif a.query_source_port:
            cmd.query_sequence(a.query_source_port, settings.querySourcePort,
                               cmd.parse_port, "%s/%s")

        elif a.get_source_ports:
            l = settings.getSourcePorts()
            cmd.print_and_exit(" ".join(["%s/%s" % (port[0], port[1]) for port in l]))

        elif a.add_module:
            cmd.add_sequence(a.add_module, settings.addModule,
                             settings.queryModule, None, "'%s'")
            fw.config.set_service_config(service, settings.settings)

        elif a.remove_module:
            cmd.remove_sequence(a.remove_module, settings.removeModule,
                                settings.queryModule, None, "'%s'")
            fw.config.set_service_config(service, settings.settings)

        elif a.query_module:
            cmd.query_sequence(a.query_module, settings.queryModule,
                               None, "'%s'")

        elif a.get_modules:
            l = settings.getModules()
            cmd.print_and_exit(" ".join(["%s" % module for module in l]))

        elif a.set_destination:
            cmd.add_sequence(a.set_destination, settings.setDestination,
                             settings.queryDestination,
                             cmd.parse_service_destination, "%s:%s")
            fw.config.set_service_config(service, settings.settings)

        elif a.remove_destination:
            # special case for removeDestination: Only ipv, no address
            for ipv in a.remove_destination:
                cmd.check_destination_ipv(ipv)
                if ipv not in settings.getDestinations():
                    if len(a.remove_destination) > 1:
                        cmd.print_warning("Warning: NOT_ENABLED: '%s'" % ipv)
                    else:
                        code = FirewallError.get_code("NOT_ENABLED")
                        cmd.print_and_exit("Error: NOT_ENABLED: '%s'" % ipv,
                                           code)
                else:
                    settings.removeDestination(ipv)
            fw.config.set_service_config(service, settings.settings)

        elif a.query_destination:
            cmd.query_sequence(a.query_destination, settings.queryDestination,
                               cmd.parse_service_destination, "'%s'")

        elif a.get_destinations:
            l = settings.getDestinations()
            cmd.print_and_exit(" ".join(["%s:%s" % (dest[0], dest[1]) for dest in l.items()]))

        elif a.set_description:
            settings.setDescription(a.set_description)
            fw.config.set_service_config(service, settings.settings)

        elif a.get_description:
            cmd.print_and_exit(settings.getDescription())

        elif a.set_short:
            settings.setShort(a.set_short)
            fw.config.set_service_config(service, settings.settings)

        elif a.get_short:
            cmd.print_and_exit(settings.getShort())

        else:
            cmd.fail(parser.format_usage() + "Unknown option")

        cmd.print_and_exit("success")

    # ipsets
    if a.get_ipsets:
        ipsets = fw.config.get_ipsets()
        cmd.print_and_exit(" ".join(sorted(ipsets)))

    elif a.new_ipset:
        if not a.type:
            cmd.fail(parser.format_usage() + "No type specified.")

        settings = FirewallClientIPSetSettings()
        settings.setType(a.type)
        if a.option:
            for opt in a.option:
                settings.addOption(*cmd.parse_ipset_option(opt))
        fw.config.new_ipset(a.new_ipset, settings.settings)

    elif a.new_ipset_from_file:
        filename = os.path.basename(a.new_ipset_from_file)
        dirname = os.path.dirname(a.new_ipset_from_file)
        if dirname == "":
            dirname = "./"
        try:
            obj = ipset_reader(filename, dirname)
        except FirewallError as msg:
            cmd.print_and_exit("Failed to load ipset file '%s': %s" % \
                               (a.new_ipset_from_file, msg), msg.code)
        except IOError as msg:
            cmd.fail("Failed to load ipset file: %s" % msg)

        if a.name:
            obj.name = a.name

        fw.config.new_ipset(obj.name, obj.export_config())

    elif a.delete_ipset:
        ipset = fw.config.get_ipset(a.delete_ipset)
        fw.config.remove_ipset(ipset)

    elif a.load_ipset_defaults:
        obj = fw.config.get_ipset(a.load_ipset_defaults)
        fw.config.load_ipset_defaults(obj)

    elif a.info_ipset:
        ipset = fw.config.get_ipset(a.info_ipset)
        settings = FirewallClientIPSetSettings(
            list(fw.config.get_ipset_config(ipset)))
        cmd.print_ipset_info(a.info_ipset, settings)
        sys.exit(0)

    elif a.path_ipset:
        obj = fw.config.get_ipset(a.path_ipset)
        cmd.print_and_exit("%s/%s" % (obj.path, obj.filename))

    elif a.ipset:
        if a.add_entry:
            ipset = fw.config.get_ipset(a.ipset)
            settings = FirewallClientIPSetSettings(
                list(fw.config.get_ipset_config(ipset)))
            cmd.add_sequence(a.add_entry, settings.addEntry,
                             settings.queryEntry, None, "'%s'")
            fw.config.set_ipset_config(ipset, settings.settings)

        elif a.remove_entry:
            ipset = fw.config.get_ipset(a.ipset)
            settings = FirewallClientIPSetSettings(
                list(fw.config.get_ipset_config(ipset)))
            cmd.remove_sequence(a.remove_entry, settings.removeEntry,
                                settings.queryEntry, None, "'%s'")
            fw.config.set_ipset_config(ipset, settings.settings)

        elif a.query_entry:
            ipset = fw.config.get_ipset(a.ipset)
            settings = FirewallClientIPSetSettings(
                list(fw.config.get_ipset_config(ipset)))
            cmd.query_sequence(a.query_entry, settings.queryEntry, None, "'%s'")

        elif a.get_entries:
            ipset = fw.config.get_ipset(a.ipset)
            settings = FirewallClientIPSetSettings(
                list(fw.config.get_ipset_config(ipset)))
            l = settings.getEntries()
            cmd.print_and_exit("\n".join(l))

        elif a.add_entries_from_file:
            ipset = fw.config.get_ipset(a.ipset)
            settings = FirewallClientIPSetSettings(
                list(fw.config.get_ipset_config(ipset)))
            changed = False

            for filename in a.add_entries_from_file:
                try:
                    entries = cmd.get_ipset_entries_from_file(filename)
                except IOError as msg:
                    message = "Failed to read file '%s': %s" % (filename,
                                                                msg)
                    if len(a.add_entries_from_file) > 1:
                        cmd.print_warning(message)
                    else:
                        cmd.print_and_exit(message)
                else:
                    old_entries = settings.getEntries()
                    entries_set = set()
                    for entry in old_entries:
                        entries_set.add(entry)
                    for entry in entries:
                        if entry not in entries_set:
                            old_entries.append(entry)
                            entries_set.add(entry)
                            changed = True
                        else:
                            cmd.print_if_verbose(
                                "Warning: ALREADY_ENABLED: %s" % entry)
                    if changed:
                        settings.setEntries(old_entries)
            if changed:
                fw.config.set_ipset_config(ipset, settings.settings)

        elif a.remove_entries_from_file:
            ipset = fw.config.get_ipset(a.ipset)
            settings = FirewallClientIPSetSettings(
                list(fw.config.get_ipset_config(ipset)))
            changed = False

            for filename in a.remove_entries_from_file:
                try:
                    entries = cmd.get_ipset_entries_from_file(filename)
                except IOError as msg:
                    message = "Failed to read file '%s': %s" % (filename, msg)
                    if len(a.remove_entries_from_file) > 1:
                        cmd.print_warning(message)
                    else:
                        cmd.print_and_exit(message)
                else:
                    old_entries = settings.getEntries()
                    entries_set = set()
                    for entry in old_entries:
                        entries_set.add(entry)
                    for entry in entries:
                        if entry in entries_set:
                            old_entries.remove(entry)
                            entries_set.discard(entry)
                            changed = True
                        else:
                            cmd.print_if_verbose("Warning: NOT_ENABLED: %s" % \
                                                 entry)
                    if changed:
                        settings.setEntries(old_entries)
            if changed:
                fw.config.set_ipset_config(ipset, settings.settings)

        elif a.set_description:
            ipset = fw.config.get_ipset(a.ipset)
            settings = FirewallClientIPSetSettings(
                list(fw.config.get_ipset_config(ipset)))
            settings.setDescription(a.set_description)

            fw.config.set_ipset_config(ipset, settings.settings)

        elif a.get_description:
            ipset = fw.config.get_ipset(a.ipset)
            settings = FirewallClientIPSetSettings(
                list(fw.config.get_ipset_config(ipset)))

            cmd.print_and_exit(settings.getDescription())

        elif a.set_short:
            ipset = fw.config.get_ipset(a.ipset)
            settings = FirewallClientIPSetSettings(
                list(fw.config.get_ipset_config(ipset)))
            settings.setShort(a.set_short)

            fw.config.set_ipset_config(ipset, settings.settings)

        elif a.get_short:
            ipset = fw.config.get_ipset(a.ipset)
            settings = FirewallClientIPSetSettings(
                list(fw.config.get_ipset_config(ipset)))

            cmd.print_and_exit(settings.getShort())

        else:
            cmd.fail(parser.format_usage() + "Unknown option")

        cmd.print_and_exit("success")

    # helper

    elif a.get_helpers:
        cmd.print_and_exit(" ".join(sorted(fw.config.get_helpers())))

    elif a.new_helper:
        if not a.module:
            cmd.fail(parser.format_usage() + "No module specified.")

        settings = FirewallClientHelperSettings()
        settings.setModule(a.module)
        if a.family:
            settings.setFamily(a.family)
        fw.config.new_helper(a.new_helper, settings.settings)

    elif a.new_helper_from_file:
        filename = os.path.basename(a.new_helper_from_file)
        dirname = os.path.dirname(a.new_helper_from_file)
        if dirname == "":
            dirname = "./"
        try:
            obj = helper_reader(filename, dirname)
        except FirewallError as msg:
            cmd.print_and_exit("Failed to load helper file '%s': %s" % \
                               (a.new_helper_from_file, msg), msg.code)
        except IOError as msg:
            cmd.fail("Failed to load helper file: %s" % msg)

        if a.name:
            obj.name = a.name

        fw.config.new_helper(obj.name, obj.export_config())

    elif a.delete_helper:
        obj = fw.config.get_helper(a.delete_helper)
        fw.config.remove_helper(obj)

    elif a.load_helper_defaults:
        obj = fw.config.get_helper(a.load_helper_defaults)
        fw.config.load_helper_defaults(obj)

    elif a.info_helper:
        obj = fw.config.get_helper(a.info_helper)
        settings = FirewallClientHelperSettings(
            list(fw.config.get_helper_config(obj)))
        cmd.print_helper_info(a.info_helper, settings)
        sys.exit(0)

    elif a.path_helper:
        obj = fw.config.get_helper(a.path_helper)
        cmd.print_and_exit("%s/%s" % (obj.path, obj.filename))

    elif a.helper:
        obj = fw.config.get_helper(a.helper)
        settings = FirewallClientHelperSettings(
            list(fw.config.get_helper_config(obj)))

        if a.add_port:
            cmd.add_sequence(a.add_port, settings.addPort,
                             settings.queryPort, cmd.parse_port, "%s/%s")
            fw.config.set_helper_config(obj, settings.settings)

        elif a.remove_port:
            cmd.remove_sequence(a.remove_port, settings.removePort,
                                settings.queryPort, cmd.parse_port, "%s/%s")
            fw.config.set_helper_config(obj, settings.settings)

        elif a.query_port:
            cmd.query_sequence(a.query_port, settings.queryPort,
                               cmd.parse_port, "%s/%s")

        elif a.get_ports:
            l = settings.getPorts()
            cmd.print_and_exit(" ".join(["%s/%s" % (port[0], port[1]) for port in l]))

        elif a.get_module:
            cmd.print_and_exit(settings.getModule())

        elif a.set_module:
            settings.setModule(cmd.check_module(a.set_module))
            fw.config.set_helper_config(obj, settings.settings)

        elif a.get_family:
            cmd.print_and_exit(settings.getFamily())

        elif a.set_family:
            settings.setFamily(cmd.check_helper_family(a.set_family[0]))
            fw.config.set_helper_config(obj, settings.settings)

        elif a.set_description:
            settings.setDescription(a.set_description)

            fw.config.set_helper_config(obj, settings.settings)

        elif a.get_description:
            cmd.print_and_exit(settings.getDescription())

        elif a.set_short:
            settings.setShort(a.set_short)

            fw.config.set_helper_config(obj, settings.settings)

        elif a.get_short:
            cmd.print_and_exit(settings.getShort())

        else:
            cmd.fail(parser.format_usage() + "Unknown option")

    # lockdown whitelist

    elif options_lockdown_whitelist:
        whitelist = fw.config.get_policies().lockdown_whitelist

        # commands
        if a.list_lockdown_whitelist_commands:
            l = whitelist.get_commands()
            cmd.print_and_exit("\n".join(l))
        elif a.add_lockdown_whitelist_command:
            cmd.add_sequence(a.add_lockdown_whitelist_command,
                             whitelist.add_command,
                             whitelist.has_command, None, "'%s'")
        elif a.remove_lockdown_whitelist_command:
            cmd.remove_sequence(a.remove_lockdown_whitelist_command,
                                whitelist.remove_command,
                                whitelist.has_command, None, "'%s'")
        elif a.query_lockdown_whitelist_command:
            cmd.query_sequence(a.query_lockdown_whitelist_command,
                               whitelist.has_command, None, "'%s'")

        # contexts
        elif a.list_lockdown_whitelist_contexts:
            l = whitelist.get_contexts()
            cmd.print_and_exit("\n".join(l))
        elif a.add_lockdown_whitelist_context:
            cmd.add_sequence(a.add_lockdown_whitelist_context,
                             whitelist.add_context,
                             whitelist.has_context, None, "'%s'")
        elif a.remove_lockdown_whitelist_context:
            cmd.remove_sequence(a.remove_lockdown_whitelist_context,
                                whitelist.remove_context,
                                whitelist.has_context, None, "'%s'")
        elif a.query_lockdown_whitelist_context:
            cmd.query_sequence(a.query_lockdown_whitelist_context,
                               whitelist.has_context, None, "'%s'")

        # uids
        elif a.list_lockdown_whitelist_uids:
            l = whitelist.get_uids()
            cmd.print_and_exit(" ".join(map(str, l)))
        elif a.add_lockdown_whitelist_uid:
            cmd.add_sequence(a.add_lockdown_whitelist_uid,
                             whitelist.add_uid,
                             whitelist.has_uid, None, "'%s'")
        elif a.remove_lockdown_whitelist_uid:
            cmd.remove_sequence(a.remove_lockdown_whitelist_uid,
                                whitelist.remove_uid,
                                whitelist.has_uid, None, "'%s'")
        elif a.query_lockdown_whitelist_uid:
            cmd.query_sequence(a.query_lockdown_whitelist_uid,
                               whitelist.has_uid, None, "'%s'")

        # users
        elif a.list_lockdown_whitelist_users:
            l = whitelist.get_users()
            cmd.print_and_exit("\n".join(l))
        elif a.add_lockdown_whitelist_user:
            cmd.add_sequence(a.add_lockdown_whitelist_user,
                             whitelist.add_user,
                             whitelist.has_user, None, "'%s'")
        elif a.remove_lockdown_whitelist_user:
            cmd.remove_sequence(a.remove_lockdown_whitelist_user,
                                whitelist.remove_user,
                                whitelist.has_user, None, "'%s'")
        elif a.query_lockdown_whitelist_user:
            cmd.query_sequence(a.query_lockdown_whitelist_user,
                               whitelist.has_user, None, "'%s'")

        # apply whitelist changes
        whitelist.write()

    elif options_direct:
        obj = fw.config.get_direct()

        if a.add_passthrough:
            if len(a.add_passthrough) < 2:
                cmd.fail("usage: --direct --add-passthrough { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } <args>")
            cmd.print_msg(
                obj.add_passthrough(cmd.check_ipv(a.add_passthrough[0]),
                                    splitArgs(a.add_passthrough[1])))

        elif a.remove_passthrough:
            if len(a.remove_passthrough) < 2:
                cmd.fail("usage: --direct --remove-passthrough { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } <args>")
            obj.remove_passthrough(cmd.check_ipv(a.remove_passthrough[0]),
                                   splitArgs(a.remove_passthrough[1]))
        elif a.query_passthrough:
            if len(a.query_passthrough) < 2:
                cmd.fail("usage: --direct --query-passthrough { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } <args>")
            cmd.print_query_result(
                obj.query_passthrough(cmd.check_ipv(a.query_passthrough[0]),
                                      splitArgs(a.query_passthrough[1])))
            sys.exit(0)
        elif a.get_passthroughs:
            rules = obj.get_passthroughs(cmd.check_ipv(a.get_passthroughs[0]))
            for rule in rules:
                cmd.print_msg(joinArgs(rule))
            sys.exit(0)
        elif a.get_all_passthroughs:
            rules = obj.get_all_passthroughs()
            for ipv in rules:
                for rule in rules[ipv]:
                    cmd.print_msg("%s %s" % (ipv, joinArgs(rule)))
            sys.exit(0)

        elif a.add_chain:
            obj.add_chain(cmd.check_ipv(a.add_chain[0]),
                          a.add_chain[1], a.add_chain[2])
        elif a.remove_chain:
            obj.remove_chain(cmd.check_ipv(a.remove_chain[0]),
                             a.remove_chain[1], a.remove_chain[2])
        elif a.query_chain:
            cmd.print_query_result(
                obj.query_chain(cmd.check_ipv(a.query_chain[0]),
                                a.query_chain[1], a.query_chain[2]))
            sys.exit(0)
        elif a.get_chains:
            cmd.print_and_exit(
                " ".join(obj.get_chains(cmd.check_ipv(a.get_chains[0]),
                                        a.get_chains[1])))
            sys.exit(0)
        elif a.get_all_chains:
            chains = obj.get_all_chains()
            for (ipv, table) in chains:
                for chain in chains[(ipv, table)]:
                    cmd.print_msg("%s %s %s" % (ipv, table, chain))
            sys.exit(0)

        elif a.add_rule:
            if len(a.add_rule) < 5:
                cmd.fail("usage: --direct --add-rule { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } <table> <chain> <priority> <args>")
            try:
                priority = int(a.add_rule[3])
            except ValueError:
                cmd.fail("wrong priority\nusage: --direct --add-rule { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } <table> <chain> <priority> <args>")
            obj.add_rule(cmd.check_ipv(a.add_rule[0]), a.add_rule[1],
                         a.add_rule[2], priority, splitArgs(a.add_rule[4]))
        elif a.remove_rule:
            if len(a.remove_rule) < 5:
                cmd.fail("usage: --direct --remove-rule { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } <table> <chain> <priority> <args>")
            try:
                priority = int(a.remove_rule[3])
            except ValueError:
                cmd.fail("usage: --direct --remove-rule { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } <table> <chain> <priority> <args>")
            obj.remove_rule(cmd.check_ipv(a.remove_rule[0]), a.remove_rule[1],
                            a.remove_rule[2], priority, splitArgs(a.remove_rule[4]))
        elif a.remove_rules:
            if len(a.remove_rules) < 3:
                cmd.fail("usage: --direct --remove-rules { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } <table> <chain>")
            obj.remove_rules(cmd.check_ipv(a.remove_rules[0]),
                             a.remove_rules[1], a.remove_rules[2])
        elif a.query_rule:
            if len(a.query_rule) < 5:
                cmd.fail("usage: --direct --query-rule { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } <table> <chain> <priority> <args>")
            try:
                priority = int(a.query_rule[3])
            except ValueError:
                cmd.fail("usage: --direct --query-rule { ipv4 | ipv6 | eb } <table> <chain> <priority> <args>")
            cmd.print_query_result(
                obj.query_rule(cmd.check_ipv(a.query_rule[0]),
                               a.query_rule[1], a.query_rule[2],
                               priority, splitArgs(a.query_rule[4])))
            sys.exit(0)
        elif a.get_rules:
            rules = obj.get_rules(cmd.check_ipv(a.get_rules[0]),
                                  a.get_rules[1], a.get_rules[2])
            for (priority, rule) in rules:
                cmd.print_msg("%d %s" % (priority, joinArgs(rule)))
            sys.exit(0)
        elif a.get_all_rules:
            rules = obj.get_all_rules()
            for (ipv, table, chain) in rules:
                for (priority, rule) in rules[(ipv, table, chain)]:
                    cmd.print_msg("%s %s %s %d %s" % \
                                  (ipv, table, chain, priority,
                                   joinArgs(rule)))
            sys.exit(0)

        obj.write()

    else:
        if zone == "":
            zone = fw.get_default_zone()
        fw_zone = fw.config.get_zone(zone)
        fw_settings = FirewallClientZoneSettings(
            list(fw.config.get_zone_config(fw_zone))) # convert to list, for setMasquerade

        # interface
        if a.list_interfaces:
            l = fw_settings.getInterfaces()
            cmd.print_and_exit(" ".join(l))
        elif a.get_zone_of_interface:
            for interface in a.get_zone_of_interface:
                ret = [ ]
                for zone in fw.config.get_zones():
                    obj = fw.config.get_zone(zone)
                    if interface in obj.interfaces:
                        ret.append(obj.name)
                if len(ret) > 1:
                    # Even it shouldn't happen, it's actually possible that
                    # the same interface is in several zone XML files
                    cmd.print_warning(" ".join(ret) + "  (ERROR: interface '%s' is in %s zone XML files, can be only in one)" % (interface, len(ret)))
                if len(ret) == 1:
                    if len(a.get_zone_of_interface) > 1:
                        cmd.print_warning("%s: %s" % (interface, ret[0]))
                    else:
                        cmd.print_and_exit(ret[0])
                else:
                    if len(a.get_zone_of_interface) > 1:
                        cmd.print_warning("%s: no zone" % interface)
                    else:
                        cmd.print_and_exit("no zone", 2)
        elif a.change_interface:
            for interface in a.change_interface:
                for old_zone in fw.config.get_zones():
                    old_zone_obj = fw.config.get_zone(old_zone)
                    if interface in old_zone_obj.interfaces:
                        if old_zone_obj.name != zone:
                            old_zone_settings = FirewallClientZoneSettings(
                                fw.config.get_zone_config(old_zone_obj))

                            old_zone_settings.removeInterface(interface) # remove from old
                            fw.config.set_zone_config(old_zone_obj, old_zone_settings.settings)
                fw_settings.addInterface(interface)              # add to new
        elif a.add_interface:
            cmd.add_sequence(a.add_interface, fw_settings.addInterface,
                             fw_settings.queryInterface, None, "'%s'")
        elif a.remove_interface:
            cmd.remove_sequence(a.remove_interface, fw_settings.removeInterface,
                                fw_settings.queryInterface, None, "'%s'")
        elif a.query_interface:
            cmd.query_sequence(a.query_interface, fw_settings.queryInterface,
                               None, "'%s'")

        # source
        if a.list_sources:
            sources = fw_settings.getSources()
            cmd.print_and_exit(" ".join(sources))
        elif a.get_zone_of_source:
            for source in a.get_zone_of_source:
                ret = [ ]
                for zone in fw.config.get_zones():
                    obj = fw.config.get_zone(zone)
                    if source in obj.sources:
                        ret.append(obj.name)
                if len(ret) > 1:
                    # Even it shouldn't happen, it's actually possible that
                    # the same source is in several zone XML files
                    cmd.print_warning(" ".join(ret) + "  (ERROR: source '%s' is in %s zone XML files, can be only in one)" % (source, len(ret)))
                if len(ret) == 1:
                    if len(a.get_zone_of_source) > 1:
                        cmd.print_warning("%s: %s" % (source, ret[0]))
                    else:
                        cmd.print_and_exit(ret[0])
                else:
                    if len(a.get_zone_of_source) > 1:
                        cmd.print_warning("%s: no zone" % source)
                    else:
                        cmd.print_and_exit("no zone", 2)
        elif a.change_source:
            for source in a.change_source:
                for old_zone in fw.config.get_zones():
                    old_zone_obj = fw.config.get_zone(old_zone)
                    if source in old_zone_obj.sources:
                        if old_zone_obj.name != zone:
                            old_zone_settings = FirewallClientZoneSettings(
                                fw.config.get_zone_config(old_zone_obj))

                            old_zone_settings.removeSource(source) # remove from old
                            fw.config.set_zone_config(old_zone_obj, old_zone_settings.settings)
                fw_settings.addSource(source)              # add to new
        elif a.add_source:
            cmd.add_sequence(a.add_source, fw_settings.addSource,
                             fw_settings.querySource, None, "'%s'")
        elif a.remove_source:
            cmd.remove_sequence(a.remove_source, fw_settings.removeSource,
                                fw_settings.querySource, None, "'%s'")
        elif a.query_source:
            cmd.query_sequence(a.query_source, fw_settings.querySource,
                               None, "'%s'")

        # rich rules
        if a.list_rich_rules:
            l = fw_settings.getRichRules()
            cmd.print_and_exit("\n".join(l))
        elif a.add_rich_rule:
            cmd.add_sequence(a.add_rich_rule, fw_settings.addRichRule,
                             fw_settings.queryRichRule, None, "'%s'")
        elif a.remove_rich_rule:
            cmd.remove_sequence(a.remove_rich_rule, fw_settings.removeRichRule,
                                fw_settings.queryRichRule, None, "'%s'")
        elif a.query_rich_rule:
            cmd.query_sequence(a.query_rich_rule, fw_settings.queryRichRule,
                               None, "'%s'")

        # service
        if a.list_services:
            l = fw_settings.getServices()
            cmd.print_and_exit(" ".join(sorted(l)))
        elif a.add_service:
            cmd.add_sequence(a.add_service, fw_settings.addService,
                             fw_settings.queryService, None, "'%s'")
        elif a.remove_service_from_zone:
            cmd.remove_sequence(a.remove_service_from_zone,
                                fw_settings.removeService,
                                fw_settings.queryService, None, "'%s'")
        elif a.query_service:
            cmd.query_sequence(a.query_service, fw_settings.queryService,
                               None, "'%s'")

        # port
        elif a.list_ports:
            l = fw_settings.getPorts()
            cmd.print_and_exit(" ".join(["%s/%s" % (port[0], port[1]) for port in l]))
        elif a.add_port:
            cmd.add_sequence(a.add_port, fw_settings.addPort,
                             fw_settings.queryPort, cmd.parse_port, "%s/%s")
        elif a.remove_port:
            cmd.remove_sequence(a.remove_port, fw_settings.removePort,
                                fw_settings.queryPort, cmd.parse_port, "%s/%s")
        elif a.query_port:
            cmd.query_sequence(a.query_port, fw_settings.queryPort,
                               cmd.parse_port, "%s/%s")

        # protocol
        elif a.list_protocols:
            l = fw_settings.getProtocols()
            cmd.print_and_exit(" ".join(sorted(l)))
        elif a.add_protocol:
            cmd.add_sequence(a.add_protocol, fw_settings.addProtocol,
                             fw_settings.queryProtocol, None, "'%s'")
        elif a.remove_protocol:
            cmd.remove_sequence(a.remove_protocol, fw_settings.removeProtocol,
                                fw_settings.queryProtocol, None, "'%s'")
        elif a.query_protocol:
            cmd.query_sequence(a.query_protocol, fw_settings.queryProtocol,
                               None, "'%s'")

        # source port
        elif a.list_source_ports:
            l = fw_settings.getSourcePorts()
            cmd.print_and_exit(" ".join(["%s/%s" % (port[0], port[1]) for port in l]))
        elif a.add_source_port:
            cmd.add_sequence(a.add_source_port, fw_settings.addSourcePort,
                             fw_settings.querySourcePort, cmd.parse_port,
                             "%s/%s")
        elif a.remove_source_port:
            cmd.remove_sequence(a.remove_source_port,
                                fw_settings.removeSourcePort,
                                fw_settings.querySourcePort, cmd.parse_port,
                                "%s/%s")
        elif a.query_source_port:
            cmd.query_sequence(a.query_source_port, fw_settings.querySourcePort,
                               cmd.parse_port, "%s/%s")

        # masquerade
        elif a.add_masquerade:
            fw_settings.setMasquerade(True)
        elif a.remove_masquerade:
            fw_settings.setMasquerade(False)
        elif a.query_masquerade:
            cmd.print_query_result(fw_settings.getMasquerade())

        # forward port
        elif a.list_forward_ports:
            l = fw_settings.getForwardPorts()
            cmd.print_and_exit("\n".join(["port=%s:proto=%s:toport=%s:toaddr=%s" % (_port, _protocol, _toport, _toaddr) for (_port, _protocol, _toport, _toaddr) in l]))
        elif a.add_forward_port:
            cmd.add_sequence(a.add_forward_port, fw_settings.addForwardPort,
                             fw_settings.queryForwardPort,
                             cmd.parse_forward_port,
                             "port=%s:proto=%s:toport=%s:toaddr=%s")
        elif a.remove_forward_port:
            cmd.remove_sequence(a.remove_forward_port,
                                fw_settings.removeForwardPort,
                                fw_settings.queryForwardPort,
                                cmd.parse_forward_port,
                                "port=%s:proto=%s:toport=%s:toaddr=%s")
        elif a.query_forward_port:
            cmd.query_sequence(a.query_forward_port,
                               fw_settings.queryForwardPort,
                               cmd.parse_forward_port,
                               "port=%s:proto=%s:toport=%s:toaddr=%s")

        # block icmp
        elif a.list_icmp_blocks:
            l = fw_settings.getIcmpBlocks()
            cmd.print_and_exit(" ".join(l))
        elif a.add_icmp_block:
            cmd.add_sequence(a.add_icmp_block, fw_settings.addIcmpBlock,
                             fw_settings.queryIcmpBlock, None, "'%s'")
        elif a.remove_icmp_block:
            cmd.remove_sequence(a.remove_icmp_block,
                                fw_settings.removeIcmpBlock,
                                fw_settings.queryIcmpBlock, None, "'%s'")
        elif a.query_icmp_block:
            cmd.query_sequence(a.query_icmp_block, fw_settings.queryIcmpBlock,
                               None, "'%s'")

        # icmp block inversion
        elif a.add_icmp_block_inversion:
            fw_settings.addIcmpBlockInversion()
        elif a.remove_icmp_block_inversion:
            fw_settings.removeIcmpBlockInversion()
        elif a.query_icmp_block_inversion:
            cmd.print_query_result(fw_settings.queryIcmpBlockInversion())

        # zone target
        elif a.get_target:
            cmd.print_and_exit(fw_settings.getTarget())
        elif a.set_target:
            fw_settings.setTarget(a.set_target)

        # list all zone settings
        elif a.list_all:
            cmd.print_zone_info(zone if zone else fw.get_default_zone(),
                                fw_settings)
            sys.exit(0)

        # list everything
        elif a.list_all_zones:
            zones = fw.config.get_zones()
            for zone in zones:
                fw_zone = fw.config.get_zone(zone)
                fw_settings = FirewallClientZoneSettings(list(fw.config.get_zone_config(fw_zone)))
                cmd.print_zone_info(zone, fw_settings)
                cmd.print_msg("")
            sys.exit(0)

        elif a.set_description:
            fw_settings.setDescription(a.set_description)

        elif a.get_description:
            cmd.print_and_exit(fw_settings.getDescription())

        elif a.set_short:
            fw_settings.setShort(a.set_short)

        elif a.get_short:
            cmd.print_and_exit(fw_settings.getShort())

        fw.config.set_zone_config(fw_zone, fw_settings.settings)

        cmd.print_and_exit("success")

except FirewallError as msg:
    cmd.print_and_exit("%s" % msg, msg.code)
except Exception as msg:
    cmd.fail("%s" % msg)
else:
    cmd.print_and_exit("success")
A Beginner's Facts Playing Casino Slots

A Beginner’s Facts Playing Casino Slots

How In Order To Play Slots Find Out The Rules Involving Slot Machines

In most modern devices, the number regarding lines that will pay off for” “a gamer depends on the particular number of credits (money or coin-in) wagered on a new particular spin. Those first machines will be paid out based about the mechanical features of the device. However, modern equipment not merely often employ video reels yet also make full use of random number generators instead of mechanical operation to determine champions.

The strategy of progressive jackpots dates back to be able to 1986 when the particular Megabucks machine seemed to be introduced, allowing earnings to accumulate until the player hit the jackpot. Today, many popular progressive slot machines are connected around multiple casinos, more increasing the jackpot feature potential. Classic slot machines, often referred to be able to as 3-reel slot machine games, provide quick plus satisfying action. These games are great for players who appreciate easy and fast-paced game play. With their standard design and mechanics, classic slots charm to both newbies and seasoned gamers. Typically, these slot machines feature one to three paylines, making them easy in order to understand and enjoy.

Slot Tip 4:  Always Enjoy Within Your Budget And Become Willing To Lower Your Guess Or Stop Playing If You Struck A Limit

Bets can be as minimal as 1c each spin, playing with your local on line casino or online is usually easier than at any time to access your bank roll. Modern slot” “equipment games trace to large and unique machines manufactured by an enthusiastic mechanic (and tinkerer) of typically the late 19th millennium, Charles Fey. The machine that Fey created was very simple but complex in concept, and also this machine was the Liberty Bell. Note that these online slot machine game strategies work finest with games that have the lowest volatility since you will need to adjust the dimensions of the gamble as you proceed. Scatter symbols are usually special icons of which can fork out irregardless of their place on the reels, often triggering reward features mostbet.

  • It’s quick to customize amount of credits you’d like to participate in too.
  • Because of the long odds, seeking to win a huge jackpot is most likely unrealistic.
  • You’ll learn what to be able to expect and exactly how to adjust your current playing style to be able to the features of a particular slot device game.
  • For example, the Blood Suckers slot with the RTP of 98% returns to all players $98 of $100 expended inside; $2 is usually the house edge.
  • Therefore, carry out not rush to immediately place actual bets, but initial, get accustomed to the position controls.

Now, your house edge will vary with respect to the” “video game that players opt to play, and typically the total bet amount which is placed. Developers are continually striving to innovate and even create new ways for players to be able to win in a great attempt to retain player interest. One of those innovations seemed to be respins or cascading down symbols – which in turn are certain emblems which cause reels to respin to produce bigger wins or multipliers with outrageous symbols potentially. With all the success and recognition, there is usually one thing which includes always been some sort of given for position machines. In essence, they have been income generators regarding casinos for several years in spite of featuring large plus relatively frequent affiliate payouts. Once you’ve set your desired bet, press the “Spin” button or draw the lever (if available) to trigger the spin.

Beginners Guide: How To Play Slots Regarding Dummies

Keeping with the straightforward nature of playing slots at on the web casinos, if gamers have trouble, these types of websites offer consumer service. The special offers that online casinos offer purely relate with in-game aspects such as bonus money in addition to free spins for slots. The appeal of slot machines is the possiblity to hit big which has a jackpot payday. Over the years, developers have continued to find ways to boost the jackpots regarding players without stopping too much of the edge for your casino.

The most realistic strategy when betting on slot machines is bankroll management; its essence is usually rather simple. Each player can devote a certain amount on bets, in addition to spending it within one evening is a bad concept; a wise option is to split your bankroll volume into several parts. For example, following making a deposit, you can divide it into components simultaneously and use only one piece per day for making bets mostbet app.

Slot Tournaments

Today almost all progressives are linked electronically to other machines, with all credit played in the particular linked machines adding to a typical jackpot. Woe will be the person who hits three jackpot symbols about a buy-a-pay together with only one gold coin played — typically the player gets practically nothing back. On some sort of multiplier, payoffs are proportionate for each coin played — apart from, usually, for that leading jackpot.

  • Their slots selection includes progressive jackpot feature games, as well as a massive selection of all traditional slots you’d count on to find.
  • This is because slot games can be highly addicting and can prospect a player to chase their losses.
  • Nowadays, known because a philanthropist, Bill Redd (also referred to as Si) was among the Bally group’s designers in the 1971s.
  • With all the achievement and popularity, there will be one thing that has always been a new given for slot machine machines.

The wide collection of slot games, like exclusive titles, guarantees a varied plus exciting gaming knowledge. Here are many of the most effective online casinos for slot machine machines and precisely what causes them to be stand out there. A Night Using Cleo transports gamers to the planet of Ancient Egypt, complete with icons such as scarab beetles and the Eye of Horus. This game holds out for its unique bonus models, which add a great extra layer associated with excitement to the gameplay. Players can easily also make use of the chance feature, that allows all of them to attempt in order to double their winnings after any effective spin.

How To Play Slot Machines On-line: Step By Phase Instructions For Beginners

Among other things, site visitors will discover a day-to-day dose of content articles with the newest poker news, reside reporting from tournaments, exclusive videos, podcasts, reviews and bonus deals and so much more. With these kinds of eligibility factors and even any others you might find, your best choice is always in order to game details or even information before a person commit to enjoying. Sean Chaffin can be a longtime freelance article writer, editor, and former high school writing teacher. If you ever feel it’s learning to be a problem, urgently speak to a helpline in your country for immediate” “assistance. From in-depth testimonials and helpful guidelines to the latest reports, we’re here to be able to help you find a very good platforms and create informed decisions every step of the particular way.

They had been featuring three” “re-writing reels operated by way of a handle and a new single slot to be able to place a coin into. This equipment had only one shell out line, with each and every reel featuring several symbols – many you would acknowledge today – spades, hearts, diamonds, a new horseshoe, and the bell. This method requires players to be able to be more involved with every earn, so having some sort of calculator close by is recommended. Instead of changing the particular size of the particular bet based in won or lost rounds, the method has a set bet determined being a percentage of typically the available balance. Using 5% can become convenient, but all of us prefer staying secure and only wagering 3%. Slot machines top the record with regards to the almost all attractive casino game titles for gamblers, the two online and in land-based casinos.

Top Payment Procedures Available On Stake Casino

This feature means that you can spin a slot machine game game without seeking to connect to the particular game, but you is going to take care to be able to ensure you’re not really spending too much per spin. Wilds usually are special symbols that can replace other symbols on paylines to generate benefits. They are typically the most crucial symbols in the particular game and may also sometimes induce bonus features.

  • Additionally, players could unlock bonus capabilities through scatter signs” “that trigger special features.
  • If a person start thinking, “Well, they’re only credit, ” or even, “They’re already paid out for, ” it’s harder to persuade yourself to guard your bankroll.
  • At the core involving every authentic internet gambling platform is gaming software.
  • Players may also withdraw their funds by hitting “Cash Out and about. ” An individual can will certainly then receive a paper voucher together with the balance amount that can become used in another machine.

The user interface is definitely crafted to mirror the appearance and even ambiance of the conventional gambling establishment, featuring intuitive selections and controls. Volatility measures the frequency as well as the size regarding the wins that will the slots spend. For example, in case you prefer big is the winner less often, then you will want to perform an increased volatility slot; in case you prefer a low volatility slot then an individual will get smaller sized, more frequent is the winner. Commonly, this symbol is very totally different from the other symbols, therefore it is easy to distinguish besides making it simpler to understand the gameplay. Depending how many you obtain, could be dependent about the reward an individual are given; but like always, this may also vary per game.

Are There Different Types Of Slot Machines?

That about wraps upward our How in order to Play Slot Devices for Beginners guidebook. If you’ve appreciated it and are ready to try many free slots with regard to yourself, check out our slot reviews web page now. After a new few spins about those, you’ll grasp all of the particular concepts you’ve figured out about here. Paylines often confuse starter slots players the most, and no Exactly how to Play Slot machine Machines for Beginners guide would be full without explaining all of them further. Each symbol has a different worth and exactly how much you win for making combinations will be identified by the value of the symbols.

  • Don’t forget to be able to carefully experience almost all of the great print, because a few terms & situations can limit claiming, usage or cashing out of bonuses.
  • First, you should note that you can always find out exactly what bonus rounds and even special features the game has by viewing the paytable.
  • The goal with this specific strategy for earning at slots is usually to win back our losses.
  • Slot machines have are available a long approach since being simple machines and actually their role since store vending equipment.
  • Once you’ve established your desired gamble, press the “Spin” button or draw the lever (if available) to initiate the spin.

He’s written several books, generally on the topics of card counting and the different blackjack systems they employed over the particular years. He in addition runs a effective YouTube channel wherever he showcases various blackjack scenarios with beginner tips about how to overcome the dealer. Bets can be since little as 1c compared to typically the common minimum levels of $5 in order to $10 that stand and card games require.” “[newline]Please note that Slotsspot. com doesn’t work any gambling companies.

How To Play Slot Machines Inside A Casino

Bonus rounds can befuddle some new participants, so we believed we’d describe all of them here so that this specific How to Play Slot Machines intended for Beginners piece will be complete. When the cheats inserted particular numbers of coins in a certain order, the device would fork out. In jurisdictions with licensed casinos, the law takes a very dim view of cheating the video poker machines. Cheating licensed casinos is a criminal offence and will carry stiff prison terms. A zero-bonus balances the particular possibility of greater wins than you see in pick’em bonuses.

  • Over in britain, they include a couple of names for all of them, fruit machines in England and puggy in Scotland.
  • They are created to offer the chance-based, easy-to-play video gaming experience where gamers” “can go back home with potentially big wins using a simple rewrite.
  • However, you may stick to certain rules when playing particular titles; by using them, you could decrease risks and boost your winning possibilities.
  • The bonus round is usually activated by way of a minimum of three scatter symbols – but this can easily vary slot in order to slot.
  • Just such as the relaxed nature of how to play slot machines, players from all over have similar carefree love towards online game.

A gamer has numerous game titles available, something intended for every taste plus interest. However, whilst we can’t inform you how in order to play slot devices and win every time, we can show a couple of slot machine techniques that will assist you win more often. This is knowledge we’ve gained above decades, so bring it in and create sure you realize that before choosing which usually game to enjoy. Some slot machines in the 1960s and ‘70s had been vulnerable to ordinary magnets. Cheaters could make use of the magnets in order to make the fishing reels float freely alternatively of stopping about a spin.

How To Play Position Machines: A Step By Step Guide

Usually, classic, fruits, 3D, and progressive jackpot slot equipment are available with all online internet casinos. Old-fashioned slot equipment have only one horizontal payline, along which in turn three winning emblems (usually fruit icons or 7s) have to line upwards for you to be paid out. The vast bulk of today’s position machines, however, are multi-payline, with a few featuring up to 100 paylines or more.

  • So, let’s say that we all start with $100, which usually means our 1st bet is 3%.
  • It works generally the same manner regarding all slot devices, although there may become some variations based on the application developer.
  • These are the added features that assist to boost your payout in the particular game.
  • There is enough diversity and choice available amongst the slot machine game games industry.
  • “Each game comes with a unique combo of features like bonus rounds, thrilling varied animation alternatives, modern machines, multiplier machines, wild icons, and more.

The risk is that a new dry run can lead to a large bet that may be difficult in order to sustain. Some slot machine games feature progressive jackpots, where a small portion of each and every bet contributes to be able to a growing goldmine that can always be won by getting a specific combo or at unique. Find out about slot machines, how that they work and how to play slots for actual money with our own full guide.

How Developers Found Ways To Increase Jackpots

The worst factor you can apply at slot machines is always to chase loss by increasing the bet level. The chances are good that you may lose a lot more cash, and probably crazily run through the bankroll. When selecting an ideal bet level for your slot play, your decision is usually a trade-off among risk and payment.

  • The machine became known as the Liberty Bell and Fey spawned an evergrowing industry.
  • There are video games in penny, 2-cent, nickel, 10-cent, 1 fourth, dollar and also $100 denominations, and several machines allow players in order to choose which denomination they want to be able to use.
  • Nearly everyone is guilty associated with not reading Apple or Google words of service, but you shouldn’t are available to a casino with that same mindset.
  • The slot machine machine landscape has always been dependent upon the improvements and innovations involving software companies.
  • These slots are normally great for players who just want to have many fun create typically the most of their particular play.

It’s important to read the cup or help menus and learn precisely what type of device it is. The three major forms of reel-spinning slot machines are the multiplier, the buy-a-pay along with the progressive. Modern movie slots, of program, don’t have real coins but instead use virtual bridal party. To period pay-out odds, simply cash out your own slot credits straight into a real money balance. If you’re gunning for the big bucks, on the other hand, you would end up being wise to stick to high volatility slots.

Slot Hint 10:  Take Benefit Of Bonuses And Even Promotions

In typically the rest, the recognition of attempting to be able to win at slot machines is surging to the point slot machine game play is rivaling table play. On those machines, the particular big payoffs have been $50 or $100 — not like typically the big numbers slot machine game players expect today. On systems of which electronically link equipment in several casinos, progressive jackpots reach huge amount of money. It’s quick — just drop coins into typically the slot and push the button or even pull the handle. Newcomers will find the particular personal interaction along with dealers or additional players at the particular tables intimidating — slot players prevent that. And besides, the greatest, most lifestyle-changing jackpots in typically the casino are available upon the slots.

The game software giant incorporated a 4-tier progressive goldmine with levels called mega, major, slight, and mini. In order to be eligible for the tiny jackpot – the lowest of the bunch, you must bet at least 1 cent on all twenty-five paylines (a minimal total of $0. 25). When this comes to video slots, these generally include multi-tier accelerating jackpots. Every video clip slot usually provides between 2 plus 12 progressive goldmine levels, and every level provides a established max bet an individual have to help to make in order to be able to be eligible.

What Occurs When You” “Get On A Slot Machine?

Each slot machine features a pay stand that shows just what symbols have to line up for a pay out of varying sums. These are organized with the greatest payouts, known because the jackpot, on top of the tables and subsequent payouts below those. A desk also includes an amount paid relying on the amount of credits a new player puts in the machine. A random number generator, or perhaps RNG, is a computer technology that is definitely used to determine payouts and jackpots. An RNG makes a sequence associated with simulated random amounts to determine exactly where those reels may land, and therefore which payouts” “are distributed to participants. Modern slot equipment have become high-tech machines with advanced online video, sound, graphics, in addition to gameplay.

  • So, you should recognize that playing slot machine machines are extremely basic – which is part of the reason players love these games.
  • Ordinarily, a traditional 3-reel slot will be an ideal opt for for the player who else likes a pared-down game with not any frills and everything perform.
  • For example, if you owned four matching emblems on reels one, two, four, in addition to five, and some sort of wild landed throughout the middle, you’d have a 5 symbol combination.
  • Usually, classic, fruit, 3D, and progressive jackpot slot machines are available from all online casinos.
  • You can typically do this inside the ‘account’ or ‘banking’ section of your own casino.

The scam artists would likely remove the magnetic only when the fishing reels had aligned throughout a winning combo. My top slot machine game machine strategy ideas – you’ll learned about below – consist of 12 do’s and even 6 don’ts that may assist you in answering the top ‘how to succeed at slot machines? Changing the developed payback percentage demands opening the device and replacing a computer chip. Server-based slot machines that will allow casinos in order to change payout proportions remotely, but there are still polices around making these kinds of changes. It’s certainly not unusual to proceed 20 or fifty or more draws without a one payout on a reel-spinning slot, although payouts tend to be more repeated on video video poker machines. Nor would it be unusual for a device to pay again 150 percent or more for many dozen pulls.

What Is Responsible Game Playing And What Makes It Essential?

Given that they are games of chance, playing slots has more to perform with luck as compared to strategy. Even so, there are several strategies you can employ to select some sort of slot machine that may likely pay. As you might have got heard before, a person can’t win large payouts at a intensifying slot if you don’t max the wager. A small section of your bet on a modern slot machine game goes straight into a jackpot or perhaps set of jackpots. The more participants wager on typically the progressive lot the bigger its jackpot gets.

  • Not all machines are made the similar way and programmed with the same RTP or payment percentage.
  • To place a bet on the slot machine, simply insert the coins or currency, select your bet size, and take the lever or perhaps press the rotate button.
  • Alternatively, you can start building up a bankroll by keeping aside small amounts through your savings and after that begin gambling after getting saved enough money for a certain variety of slot machines.
  • Let’s consider a closer look at the sorts of bonus icons you’re more likely to find in a regular online” “slot.

Other accelerating slots are connected within a casino, although some are interconnected across all internet casinos featuring that certain game. For a new genuine casino experience from the coziness of your abode, live dealer games certainly are a must consider. These games, including live blackjack, different roulette games, and baccarat, feature real human retailers who interact along with players via reside video streams. Players can participate in current gameplay, detailed with interpersonal interaction, creating a great immersive and genuine casino atmosphere. They” “come in various themes and give a stimulating blend of gameplay, visuals, plus the possibility for significant winnings. Demo methods are available regarding players to train and even familiarize themselves along with the game with out risking real cash.

Starting In Order To Play Slots

Yes, due to the fact demo versions permit you to test slots, check their particular characteristics, and do not risk your own funds. While wagering, it is essential to control yourself, while emotions often usually tend to get free from control. It is incredibly common when you strike a large reward and lose manage, forgetting about caution as well as the strategy you adhere to. Aside coming from these run-of-the-mill strategies, participate in slot machine tournaments whenever feasible.

  • Understanding design and even mechanics in the sport is essential ahead of spinning the fishing reels.
  • Don’t hesitate in order to ask tough queries; other gamblers are usually willing to out a poor apple.
  • The scam artists would remove the magnet only if the reels had aligned within a winning mixture.
  • Video slots are acknowledged for their advanced graphics and several paylines, which will enhance the chances regarding winning.
  • The paytable also shows the value of every symbol, indicating the amount you win intended for matching different icons on a payline.

When playing video poker machines online, you could decrease or raise your stake by simply clicking on typically the BET/STAKE button. For example, classic on the internet slots based about traditional slot equipment have 3 reels. Three-reel slot games put more importance on their leading jackpots but have got a lesser hit regularity with additional losing spins. If you’re pondering how to win at slots, three-reel position games do offer slot players typically the best possiblity to get big, but additionally the particular best chance in order to lose fast. Every good online gambling establishment will have an array of games to attempt at no cost or true money.

How To Experience Video Poker Machines: The Pokernews Guide

The microprocessors driving today’s machines are set with random-number generation devices that govern winning combinations. Many position players pump money into two or more adjacent devices at a time, although if the casino will be crowded and others are having problems finding places to play, limit yourself to one machine. Select your bets and paylines, and get a theme and bonus feature of which interests you. Online slot software will be governed by the Arbitrary Number Generator, or perhaps RNG. As quickly as you struck the ‘Spin’ key, an algorithm can determine where and if the reels can stop. The process is completely unique, and slot designers have their games examined before they hit the casino industry, along with periodically audited with time.

  • This network impact results in massive jackpots, some of which can become truly life-changing.
  • While learning how in order to play casino slot machine games, there are particular factors that you have to always keep in mind when choosing the proper slot machine game game.
  • Added for the paylines and payout structures, deciphering the bet measurements is likewise crucial, as it can have an effect on both the possible winnings and the particular overall game.
  • You may well also get a feeling whether it’s achievable to win in slot games and even if so how to win in slots.

Now, a new payout and goldmine is determined as quickly as the player hits the switch to spin the particular reels. If you’re purely after massive jackpots, you ought to consider playing the subsequent games. These top rated progressive jackpot slots have paid out many of the greatest online slot jackpots of all time.

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